Morphometric, chemotypic, and molecular diversity studies in <i>Andrographis paniculata</i>

Hiremath, Channayya; Greeshma, M; Gupta, Namita; Baskaran, K.; Shanker, Karuna; Sundaresan, Velusamy

doi:10.1080/10496475.2020.1787290

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This may result from the unrestricted flow of seed from the native place to the area of their domestication. Our results align with the reports of Lattoo et al (2008) for morphometric traits and Hiremath et al. (2020) for morphometric and chemotypic traits in A.paniculata.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Thus, more detailed studies with larger sampling sizes from extended geographical regions could draw a concrete inference ( Sahoo et al., 2021 ). Previously, evaluation of genetic diversity among the geographically isolated germplasm of A.paniculata was carried out using various dominant molecular markers ( Lattoo et al., 2008 ; Minz et al., 2013 ; Tiwari et al., 2016 ; Kumar et al., 2020 ; Hiremath et al., 2020 ) the outcomes of which are in line with our results. However, in the present study, metabolic pathway specific EST-SSR markers were designed and used to determine the genetic diversity among twenty-four ecotypes of A. paniculata .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…To date, EST-SSR based genetic characterization has not been done in AP. Moreover, comprehensive data regarding genetic diversity studies are scanty and provide the rationale for this study ( Lattoo et al., 2008 ; Sharma et al., 2009 ; Valdiani et al., 2014 ; Hiremath et al., 2020 ). This information would be essential to exploit beneficial genes present in indigenous genetic resources of different ecotypes to increase the selection efficiency in kalmegh breeding and for adequate biodiversity protection and management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maximizing genetic gain through unlocking genetic variation in different ecotypes of kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nee)

et al. 2022

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Andrographis paniculata, commonly known as kalmegh is among the most popular medicinal herbs in Southeast Asia. It is widely cultivated for medicinal purposes. The bioactive molecule, Andrographolide accumulated in herb leaves has immense therapeutic and economic potential. However, comprehensive information regarding genetic diversity is very limited in this species. The present study assessed genetic diversity between and within the six populations (ecotypes) of twenty-four kalmegh accessions using multiple datasets (agro-morphological traits, phytochemical traits, and genic markers). This is the established report where EST-SSR (Expressed sequence tags-Simple Sequence Repeat) markers have been used to unlock genetic variation in kalmegh. Here, we identified and developed ninety-one metabolic pathway-specific EST-SSR markers. Finally, 32 random EST-SSR primer pairs were selected for genetic diversity assessment. Multivariate analysis to unveil the agro-morphological, phytochemical and genotypic variability was helpful in discriminating various germplasms studied in the present study. Among all the morphological discriptors used in present study, days to fifty percent flowering and dry herb yield were found as potential selection index for AP genetic improvement. Hierarchical cluster analysis built with agro-morphological data identified three major groups. However, corresponding analysis with phytochemical and molecular data generated two clear-cut groups among the studied individuals. Moreover, the grouping of individuals into different clusters using multiple datasets was geographically independent, and also showed inconsistency in grouping among agromorphological, phytochemical and molecular dataset based clusters. However, joint analysis using agro-morphological, phytochemical and genotypic information generated two genetic groups, which could be a valuable resource for identifying complementary crossing panels in the kalmegh breeding program. The accessions AP7, AP13, AP5, AP3 belong to cluster I and accessions AP17, AP18 belong to cluster II could be utilized as potential donors for high dry herb yield and andrographolide content, respectively in different selective breeding programs of AP. Thus, our results provided useful information about the overall genetic diversity and variation in economic traits useful for initiating selective breeding programs for contrasting traits of interest and maximizing genetic gain in kalmegh.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maximizing genetic gain through unlocking genetic variation in different ecotypes of kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nee)

et al. 2022

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“…A few studies were attempted to generate genomic resources for kalmegh, i.e. genetic variability studied using molecular markers such as, RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA), SSR (simple sequence repeats), AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) and ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) (Sharma et al 2009 ; Wijarat et al 2012 ; Minz et al 2013 ; Gangopadhyay et al 2014 ; Hiremath et al 2020 ). The comparative transcriptome of leaf and root studied by Garg et al ( 2015 ) and they analyzed the biosynthesis pathway for three important Ent-labdane related diterpene (Ent-LRD) specialized secondary metabolite, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis for molecular landscaping of genes controlling diterpene andrographolide biosynthesis in Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees

et al. 2020

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Kalmegh [ Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f. ) Nees.] is one of the essential medicinal plants due to an important terpenoid, i.e. andrographolide possesses immense therapeutic and pharmacological uses. The experiment was performed to elucidate the expression of candidate genes associated with andrographolide biosynthesis. Based on results obtained in chromatography for andrographolide content analysis of six genotypes, two contrast genotypes, i.e. IC-520361 (maximum andrographolide content—2.33%) and Anand Local (lowest andrographolide content—1.01%) were selected for the transcriptome analysis. A total of 1.04 Gb of raw data were produced using MiSeq Illumina platform, in which IC 520361 generated 645 million base pairs sequence along with 4,524,251 raw reads and Anand Local produced 419 million base pairs sequence along with 3,021,316 raw reads. The combined assembly of high quality reads generated for both the samples had 33,247,454 bp of total assembled bases and 38,292 of transcripts. The GC percent of assembled transcripts was 44.79%, an average read length was 800 bp and N 50 value was 1186 bp. Species-specific distribution using BLAST X (Nr), showed the highest Blast hits with Sesamum indicum. Out of 23,346 transcripts, 87% of transcripts annotated in UniProt KB (Universal Protein Resource KnowledgeBase) database and only 0.21% of transcripts were annotated in TAIR (The Arabidopsis Information Resources). Biological processes gene ontology classified based on Blast2GO showed, out of 6853 transcripts, 1370 of transcripts were represented by terpenoid biosynthetic pathway, which involved in secondary metabolite andrographolide biosynthesis. The heat map showed 1016 transcripts were differentially expressed between two kalmegh genotypes, in which nine important differentially expressed transcripts related to MEP (2C methyl- d -erythritol 4-phosphate) and MVA (Mevalonic acid) andrographolide biosynthesis pathways such as, geranyl diphosphate synthase small subunit, Isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase i-like, 4, 13-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase etc. were upregulated in IC 520361 as compared to Anand Local, which were validated through RT-qPCR. The highest expression of gene 13-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase (HMGR) was reported, which is responsible for accumulation of andrographolide in leaf. This comparative transcriptome analysis confirmed the expression level of genes were higher in accession IC 520361 as compare to Anand Local related to andrographolide biosynthesis pathways i.e. MEP and MVA. These up-regulated genes could be over-expressed to enhance the andrographolide content using genetic engineering of these metabolic pathways. It will also give an idea to the breeder for development of molecular markers for direct screening of the genotypes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s13205-020-02511-y) contai...

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“…Sambiloto taking that is carried out continuously without proper cultivation efforts will threaten the existence of the sambiloto germplasm [6,7]. This is because Sambiloto self-pollinates, causing low genetic diversity and has been classified as an endangered species [8]. This encourages efforts to cultivate Sambiloto plants into cultivated plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Sambiloto agroecology as a basis for utilization and conservation of germplasm

Pujiasmanto

Manurung

2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Climate change can affect the diversity and growth of tropical plants, one of which is Sambiloto. Sambiloto is a wild plant with medicinal potential that is experiencing scarcity due to climate change in Indonesia. This study aims to identify the agroecological suitability of Sambiloto. The research was carried out using the survey method. The survey method includes the study of description and identification and the distribution pattern of sambiloto. The results showed that Sambiloto could grow at an altitude of 180 – 861 meters above sea level with a temperature of 20.32 °C -26.93 °C, relative humidity 78% - 87%, rainfall 2053.2-3555.6 mm/year. Sambiloto can grow on soils with moderate N, low P, low Mg, very low to low Ca, low to moderate organic C, while the pH is slightly acidic to acidic. The distribution pattern of sambiloto in the middle and lowlands is clustered, while in the highlands, it is uniform. The highest andrographolide content was obtained from sambiloto in the middle plains (2.27%), while in the lowlands (1.37%) and highlands (0.89%). Sambiloto is more commonly found in the middle lands (RD 76.87%, RF 10%, RK 27.75%, IVI 114.62%) than in the lowlands (RD 59.50%, RF 9.09%, RK 31.41%, IVI 99.98%), and highlands. (RD 42.20%, RF 3.88%, RK 11.62%, and IVI 78.21%).

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Morphometric, chemotypic, and molecular diversity studies in Andrographis paniculata

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Maximizing genetic gain through unlocking genetic variation in different ecotypes of kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nee)

Maximizing genetic gain through unlocking genetic variation in different ecotypes of kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nee)

Transcriptome analysis for molecular landscaping of genes controlling diterpene andrographolide biosynthesis in Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees

Identification of Sambiloto agroecology as a basis for utilization and conservation of germplasm

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