Morphometric alterations, steatosis, fibrosis and active caspase‐3 detection in carbamate bendiocarb treated rabbit liver

Abstract

Increasing use of pesticides all over the world makes it necessary to reveal the toxic risk in populations of nontargeted organisms. Bendiocarb is one of the 12 insecticides recommended by the World Health Organization for use in malaria control in Africa, and is used against a variety of insects. The liver has an important role in its process of detoxication and excretion. In our experiment 56 adult rabbits of breed HY+, 28 males and 28 females were used. Animals were divided into groups (control, days 10, 20, 30 of bendiocarb administration). The presence of many binucleated hepatocytes, the highest number of liver cells and their decreased size at 10 day after bendiocarb administration was observed as an evidence of the hepatic regeneration. After the long-term treatment pronounced changes were presented such as vacuolization and dilatation of hepatocytes, dilatation of sinusoids between hepatocytes, and focal infiltration of inflammatory cells. Numerous cells with caspase-3 activity were present throughout the organ, most commonly around the portal tract and close to the central vein. Short and long-term bendiocarb treatment showed the central vein thickened rim with increased deposition of collagen, spreading of collagen fibers into the perisinusoidal, and pericellular space surrounding the central veins, and septal fibrosis extended from the portal tract. Subsequently, presence of the lipid vacuoles both in the liver parenchyma and inner of the hepatocytes were observed. These results suggest that bendiocarb treatment leads to increased cell death, liver perisinusoidal fibrosis, and steatosis, especially during the long-term administration.

Ultrastructural changes in the rabbit liver induced by carbamate insecticide bendiocarb

“…Flesarova et al [5] observed a decreased number of lymphocytes and reduced volume of the medullary portion in the thymus. Petrovova et al [6] observed numerous cells with caspase-3 activity throughout the liver, most commonly around the portal tract and close to the central vein. The thickness of the central vein increased after short and long term bendiocarb treatment.…”

Environmental Pollution: A Tangible Risk for NAFLD Pathogenesis

“…Also other pesticides, like bendiocarb (a potent carbamate insecticide) or organophosphorus pesticides, were shown to cause steatosis in experimental animals (Figure 2) [48,49]. …”

“…Among pesticides and herbicides, primarily used for agricultural purposes, the triazine family induces steatosis, obesity and IR in mice, sheep and rats, by targeting mitochondrial respiration and energy production ( Figure 2 ) [ 45 – 47 ]. Also other pesticides, like bendiocarb (a potent carbamate insecticide) or organophosphorus pesticides, were shown to cause steatosis in experimental animals ( Figure 2 ) [ 48 , 49 ].…”

Physiological, Developmental, and Biomarker Responses of Zebrafish Embryos to Sub-Lethal Exposure of Bendiocarb

“…It was also shown that bendiocarb can transfer through the placenta exposing the developing fetus to high risk [10][11][12]. According to many previous studies, bendiocarb induces various morphological changes in mammalian tissues and organs [2,5,8,[13][14][15][16][17][18]. It has also been described that the reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity has an impact on heart rate in different vertebrates [19,20].…”