Morphology of Dried Drop Patterns of Saliva from a Healthy Individual Depending on the Dynamics of Its Surface Tension

Bel’skaya, Lyudmila V.; Sarf, Elena A.; Solonenko, A. P.

doi:10.3390/surfaces2020029

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…2,82,83 We have previously shown that there are differences in gender and age of such physicochemical characteristics of saliva as surface tension and viscosity, which is reflected in its structural and mineralizing properties. 48 The biochemical composition of saliva may vary for individuals as a result of differences in the microbiological composition of saliva. However, most authors agree that changes in the microflora of the oral cavity accompany a number of dental diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biochemical composition of the samples was established using the StatFax 3300 semi-automatic biochemical analyzer. 48 The pH, mineral composition (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, chlorides), the content of urea, total protein, albumin, uric acid and sialic acids, the activity of enzymes (aminotransferases (ALT, AST); alkaline phosphatase (ALP); lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT); catalase) were determined in all samples.…”

Section: Biochemical Analysis Of Saliva and Blood Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age and gender characteristics of the biochemical composition of saliva: Correlations with the composition of blood plasma

Bel’skaya

Sarf

Kosenok

2020

Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research

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Background: Recently, the attention of researchers to the study of the properties of human saliva, as a material with unique properties and diagnostic capabilities, has increased. Research objective: to study the connection of the biochemical composition of saliva and blood plasma in the norm, depending on gender and age. Methods: 107 volunteers took part in the study, including 46 female (37.2 ± 3.9 years old) and 61 male (36.1 ± 2.8 years old). In all samples of saliva and blood plasma, 16 biochemical parameters were determined, including mineral and protein composition, enzyme activity. Non-parametric statistical methods were used to process the data. Results: It has been shown that it is difficult to establish an unambiguous relation between biochemical parameters of saliva and blood plasma. The calculation of the Spearman correlation coefficients showed that only 7 of the 16 parameters demonstrate the presence of a weak correlation between the content in saliva and plasma. Conclusion: In general, the determination of the composition of saliva may have an independent diagnostic value; in this case, drawing a parallel with the composition of serum and blood plasma is not advisable. Nevertheless, the use of saliva in clinical laboratory diagnostics is associated with the need to establish criteria for the norm and pathology for each biochemical parameter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biochemical Analysis Of Saliva and Blood Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and gender characteristics of the biochemical composition of saliva: Correlations with the composition of blood plasma

Bel’skaya

Sarf

Kosenok

2020

Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research

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“…During the past decade, significant progress has been observed in the drying droplets of bio-colloids, such as [bovine serum albumin (BSA), and lysozyme] protein [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ], plasma [ 7 ], DNA [ 8 ], serum [ 9 ], blood [ 10 ], etc., due to biomedical and forensic applications [ 9 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. The coupling between the droplet and the substrate, the surrounding environment, and the constituent particles show a wide variability range [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and Concentration Dependence of Human Whole Blood and Protein Drying Droplets

2021

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The drying of bio-colloidal droplets can be used in many medical and forensic applications. The whole human blood is the most complex bio-colloid system, whereas bovine serum albumin (BSA) is the simplest. This paper focuses on the drying characteristics and the final morphology of these two bio-colloids. The experiments were conducted by varying their initial concentrations, and the solutions were dried under various controlled substrate temperatures using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The droplet parameters (the contact angle, the fluid front, and the first-order image statistics) reveal the drying process’s unique features. Interestingly, both BSA and blood drying droplets’ contact angle measurements show evidence of a concentration-driven transition as the behavior changes from non-monotonic to monotonic decrease. This result indicates that this transition behavior is not limited to multi-component bio-colloid (blood) only, but may be a phenomenon of a bio-colloidal solution containing a large number of interacting components. The high dilution of blood behaves like the BSA solution. The ring-like deposition, the crack morphology, and the microstructures suggest that the components have enough time to segregate and deposit onto the substrate under ambient conditions. However, there is insufficient time for evaporative-driven segregation to occur at elevated temperatures, as expected.

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“…The drops of artificial saliva are often realized by adding one or more salts [up to 10 salts in (Biryukov et al, 2020)] and mucin to distilled water. A droplet of natural saliva, besides water, contains several nonvolatile soluble salts (dissociated in Cl, K, P, Na, Ca, and Mg ions, arranged in decreasing molarity) and biological compounds (albumin, mucin, urea, and others) (Rehak et al, 2000;Bel'skaya et al, 2019), including viruses. Bel'skaya et al (Bel'skaya et al, 2019) analyzed evaporated droplets of saliva from 100 healthy participants and highlighted relations between the composition and the surface tension with the morphology of the crystallized salt.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A droplet of natural saliva, besides water, contains several nonvolatile soluble salts (dissociated in Cl, K, P, Na, Ca, and Mg ions, arranged in decreasing molarity) and biological compounds (albumin, mucin, urea, and others) (Rehak et al, 2000;Bel'skaya et al, 2019), including viruses. Bel'skaya et al (Bel'skaya et al, 2019) analyzed evaporated droplets of saliva from 100 healthy participants and highlighted relations between the composition and the surface tension with the morphology of the crystallized salt. Proteins could aggregate and be adsorbed by the growing surface of a salt crystal changing the growth of faces, as well as hinder the growth of existing crystals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Virus Survival Time in Respiratory Droplets on Surfaces: A New Rational Approach for Antivirus Strategies

et al. 2021

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The modeling of the viability decay of viruses in sessile droplets is addressed considering a droplet sitting on a smooth surface characterized by a specific contact angle. To investigate, at prescribed temperature, how surface energy of the material and ambient humidity cooperate to determine the virus viability, we propose a model which involves the minimum number of thermodynamically relevant parameters. In particular, by considering a saline water droplet (one salt) as the simplest approximation of real solutions (medium and natural/artificial saliva), the evaporation is described by a first-order time-dependent nonlinear differential equation properly rearranged to obtain the contact angle evolution as the sole unknown function. The analyses were performed for several contact angles and two typical droplet sizes of interest in real situations by assuming constant ambient temperature and relative humidity in the range 0–100%. The results of the simulations, given in terms of time evolution of salt concentration, vapor pressure, and droplet volume, elucidate some previously not yet well-understood dynamics, demonstrating how three main regimes—directly implicated in nontrivial trends of virus viability and to date only highlighted experimentally—can be recognized as the function of relative humidity. By recalling the concept of cumulative dose of salts (CD), to account for the effect of the exposition of viruses to salt concentration on virus viability, we show how the proposed approach could suggest a chart of a virus fate by predicting its survival time at a given temperature as a function of the relative humidity and contact angle. We found a good agreement with experimental data for various enveloped viruses and predicted in particular for the Phi6 virus, a surrogate of coronavirus, the characteristic U-shaped dependence of viability on relative humidity. Given the generality of the model and once experimental data are available that link the vulnerability of a certain virus, such as SARS-CoV-2, to the concentrations of salts or other substances in terms of CD, it is felt that this approach could be employed for antivirus strategies and protocols for the prediction/reduction of human health risks associated with SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses.

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Morphology of Dried Drop Patterns of Saliva from a Healthy Individual Depending on the Dynamics of Its Surface Tension

Cited by 17 publications

References 54 publications

Age and gender characteristics of the biochemical composition of saliva: Correlations with the composition of blood plasma

Age and gender characteristics of the biochemical composition of saliva: Correlations with the composition of blood plasma

Temperature and Concentration Dependence of Human Whole Blood and Protein Drying Droplets

Modeling of Virus Survival Time in Respiratory Droplets on Surfaces: A New Rational Approach for Antivirus Strategies

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