Morphology of Brachial Plexus and Axillary Artery in Bonobo (Pan paniscus)

Kikuchi, Masanori; Oishi, Motoharu; Shimizu, Daisuke

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0264.2010.01040.x

Cited by 16 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The brachial plexus consisted of the ventral rami of the C5–T1 roots constantly, whereas the ventral ramus of C4 contributed to the plexus in one specimen. This range of spinal segments of the plexus is similar to that of other primates (Kusakabe et al, ; Nishimura et al, ; Mizuno, ; Mizuno, ; Kato and Sato, ; Koizumi and Sakai, ; Tokiyoshi et al, ; Kawashima et al, ; Kikuchi et al, ). In the ventral division, the lateral cord gave rise to the musculocutaneous nerve first, and the remaining component merged with the medial cord.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Numerous anatomical studies of the brachial plexus have been conducted to understand the phylogeny of the forelimb in mammals, such as the dog, platypus, echidna, capybara, paca, common hippopotamus, giant anteater, primates, and Sumatran rhinoceros (Kitchell and Evans, ; Koizumi and Sakai, ; Fioretto et al, ; Scavone et al, ; Yoshitomi et al, ; Souza et al, ; Shearer, ; Backus et al, ), and functional adaptation of the forelimbs in these species has been discussed. In primates, anatomical studies of the brachial plexus have been performed in catarrhines (Old World monkeys and Apes) such as the macaque, gibbon, Bornean orangutan, gorilla, chimpanzee, and bonobo (Kusakabe et al, ; Nishimura et al, ; Kato and Sato, ; Koizumi and Sakai, ; Tokiyoshi et al, ; Kawashima et al, ; Kikuchi et al, ). However, in platyrrhines (New World monkeys), the anatomical structures of the brachial plexus have scarcely been explored (Mizuno, ; Mizuno, ), and few anatomical data of the brachial plexus are available for the subfamily Callitrichinae (Kawashima et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Anatomical Study of the Brachial Plexus in the Common Marmoset (Callithrix Jacchus)

Emura

Arakawa

Terashima

2017

The Anatomical Record

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To elucidate the forelimb phylogeny of primates, anatomical analysis of the brachial plexus in platyrrhines is beneficial. In the present study, six brachial plexuses and the surrounding arteries of four common marmosets were dissected. In five specimens, the brachial plexus consisted of five ventral rami from the fifth cervical nerve (C5) to the first thoracic nerve (T1). In one specimen, the ventral ramus of the fourth cervical nerve joined with the brachial plexus. In five specimens, the upper trunk was composed of C5 and the sixth cervical nerve (C6). In one specimen, the ventral division of C6 merged with the ventral branch of the middle trunk to constitute the lateral cord. The seventh cervical nerve constituted the middle trunk, and the eighth cervical nerve and T1 formed the lower trunk in all specimens. The lateral cord gave rise to the musculocutaneous nerve, and the remaining component merged with the medial cord. The confluence of the lateral and medial cords immediately bifurcated into the median and ulnar nerves. These branching patterns of the musculocutaneous, median, and ulnar nerves were consistent and similar to the human counterparts. In the dorsal division, the single posterior cord as observed in the human brachial plexus was not observed. The axillary artery did not pass between the medial and lateral roots of the median nerve, and the axillary artery bifurcated into the brachial artery and the superficial brachial artery. Anat Rec, 300:1299-1306, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Study of the Brachial Plexus in the Common Marmoset (Callithrix Jacchus)

Emura

Arakawa

Terashima

2017

The Anatomical Record

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Com origem predominante em C6 e C7 (70%) no C. thous, o nervo supra--escapular foi formado de modo semelhante no cão domés-tico (Allam et al 1952, Ghoshal 1986b, nos equinos, nos ruminantes domésticos (Magilton et al 1968), em Arctocephalus australis (Souza et al 2010) e em Atelocynus microtis (Pinheiro et al 2013). Originou-se de C5 e C6 em Papio ursinus (Booth et al 1997), em Lagothrix lagothricha (Cruz & Adami 2010), em Pan paniscus (Kikushi et al 2011), em Sciurus vulgaris (Aydin 2011), em Tamandua tetradactyla (Cruz et al 2012) e em Hippopotamus amphibius , de C5, C6 e C7 nos suínos (Magilton et al 1968) e em Agouti paca (Scavone et al 2008), de C4, C5, C6 e C7 em Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris (Fioretto et al 2003) e em Tayassu tajacu (Moura et al 2007), de C6, C7 e C8 em fetos de bovinos azebuados ) e apenas de C6 nos felinos domésticos (Ghoshal 1986b), alguns caprinos (Ghoshal 1986a) e em Chinchilla lanigera (Gamba et al 2007). Estudos eletrofisiológicos em seis cães domésticos revelaram que o n. supra-escapular recebeu potenciais evocados dos ramos ventrais de C6 e C7 em todos os animais avaliados (Sharp et al 1991), o que reforça a importância funcional destes ramos para o nervo em canídeos.…”

Section: Quanto à Distribuição Dos Nervos Do Plexo Braquialunclassified

“…Isto é coerente tanto com as observações de Sharp et al (1991) em cães domésticos, onde C8 deu a maior contribuição em testes com potencial evocado para este nervo, como também com o levantamento realizado sobre a formação deste nervo nas demais espécies domésticas e silvestres. Em P. paniscus (Kikushi et al 2011) o n. radial originou-se apenas de C8, em S. vulgaris (Aydin 2011), M. gouazoubira (Vieira et al 2013) e em A. microtis (Pinheiro et al, 2013) de C7 e C8, no equino de C8 e T1 (Magilton et al 1968), em T. tajacu (Moura et al 2007) de C8, T1 e T2, em H. hydrochaeris (Fioretto et al 2003) de C6, C7, C8 e T1, em P. ursinus (Booth et al 1997), em L. lagotrichia (Cruz & Adami 2010) e em T. tetradactyla (Cruz et al 2012) de C5, C6, C7, C8 e T1. O fato de a formação do n. radial ter ocorrido por três diferentes raízes em 75% dos plexos de C. thous está relacionado à sua importância motora, uma vez que seus ramos inervam todos os músculos extensores das articulações do cotovelo, carpo e dedos, além do m. supinador e abdutor longo do primeiro dedo.…”

Section: Quanto à Distribuição Dos Nervos Do Plexo Braquialunclassified

“…Essa descrição de origem, percurso e área de inervação é idêntica à do cão doméstico (Evans & De Lahunta 2013) e de L. lagotrichia (Cruz & Adami 2010). A origem em C7 e C8 foi relatada nos equinos, suínos e ruminantes domésticos (Magilton et al 1968), no cão doméstico (Ghoshal 1986b), em C. lanigera (Gamba et al 2007), em T. tajacu (Moura et al 2007), em A. paca (Scavone et al 2008), em A. australis (Souza et al 2010), em P. paniscus (Kikushi et al 2011) e em M. gouazoubira (Vieira et al 2013). Em P. ursinus (Booth et al 1997) foi formado pelos ramos de C6 e C7 e em H. hydrochaeris (Fioretto et al 2003) de C6, C7 e C8.…”

Section: Quanto à Distribuição Dos Nervos Do Plexo Braquialunclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

Origens e ramificações do plexo braquial no cachorro-do-mato Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766)

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RESUMO.-Este estudo teve o objetivo de descrever a origem e ramificação dos nervos de vinte plexos braquiais de cachorro-do-mato (Cerdocyon thous). Dez animais da espé-cie, obtidos post mortem por atropelamento em rodovias, foram utilizados para o estudo, de acordo com a autorização do IBAMA/SISBIO nº33667-1. This study aimed to describe the origin and branching of nerves from twenty brachial plexuses of crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous). Ten animals of the species, obtained post mortem from being run over on highways, were used for the study, in accordance with the authorization from IBAMA / SISBIO No. 33667-1. Once collected, the cadavers were fixed in 50% formaldehyde and kept for at least 14 days in a solution of 10% formaldehyde before dissections. After removal of skin, incisions in breast muscles and reflection of thoracic limbs allowed access to axillary space and the nerves could have trajects dissected individually to each muscle insertion. To improve visualization of the cervical and thoracic ventral roots that originated every single nerve, muscles that covered the intervertebral foramina, transverse processes and vertebral bodies were removed ventrally and the spinal cord exposed. Schematic drawings and photographic records documented the origin and branching of nerves. The twenty plexuses were resulted from connections between the ventral branches of the last three cervical spinal nerves (C6, C7 and C8) and first thoracic (T1). These branches derived the nerves suprascapular, subscapular, axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, median and ulnar to the intrinsic muscles and brachiocephalic, thoracodorsal, lateral thoracic, long thoracic, cranial and caudal pectoral nerves to the extrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb. It was found that the ventral rami of C7 were the main contributors in the formation of nerves (61.5%), followed by C8 (55.4%), T1 (41.2%) and C6 (30.8%). The t-test comparison between means at a significance level of 5% showed no differences in the origin of plexus when compared antimeres and sexes. Of the total of 260 dissected nerves, 68.8% originated by the combination of two or three roots, while only 31.2% were formed by a single root. The combination between C8 and T1 was the most frequent origin of nerves to the plexus (23.8%) in this species. Comparing the origin, branching and innervation area of the brachial plexus in C. thous with other domestic and wild species, there was a greater similarity with the domestic dog. These results may give the anatomical basis to diagnosis of neuromuscular disorders, anesthetic blocks techniques and comparative morphofunctional analyzes involving this species.INDEX TERMS: Brachial plexus, morphology, wild carnivores, animal anatomy, Cerdocyon thous.

show abstract

Brachial Plexus in the Pampas Fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus): a Descriptive and Comparative Analysis

Souza

Carvalho

Mattos

et al. 2016

The Anatomical Record

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Twenty thoracic limbs of ten Lycalopex gymnocercus were dissected to describe origin and distribution of the nerves forming brachial plexuses. The brachial plexus resulted from the connections between the ventral branches of the last three cervical nerves (C6, C7, and C8) and first thoracic nerve (T1). These branches connected the suprascapular, subscapular, axillary, musculocutaneous, radial, median and ulnar nerves to the intrinsic musculature and connected the brachiocephalic, thoracodorsal, lateral thoracic, long thoracic, cranial pectoral and caudal pectoral nerves to the extrinsic musculature. The C7 ventral branches contribute most to the formation of the nerves (62.7%), followed by C8 (58.8%), T1 (40.0%) and C6 (24.6%). Of the 260 nerves dissected, 69.2% resulted from a combination of two or three branches, while only 30.8% originated from a single branch. The origin and innervation area of the pampas fox brachial plexus, in comparison with other domestic and wild species, were most similar to the domestic dog and wild canids from the neotropics. The results of this study can serve as a base for comparative morphofunctional analysis involving this species and development of nerve block techniques. Anat Rec, 300:537-548, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

show abstract

Morphology of Brachial Plexus and Axillary Artery in Bonobo (Pan paniscus)

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Anatomical Study of the Brachial Plexus in the Common Marmoset (Callithrix Jacchus)

Anatomical Study of the Brachial Plexus in the Common Marmoset (Callithrix Jacchus)

Origens e ramificações do plexo braquial no cachorro-do-mato Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766)

Brachial Plexus in the Pampas Fox (Lycalopex gymnocercus): a Descriptive and Comparative Analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About