Morphology, mechanisms and pathology of musculoskeletal ageing

Freemont, Anthony J.; Hoyland, JA

doi:10.1002/path.2097

Cited by 107 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…The SST consists of dichotomous (yes [1] or no [0]) response options. For each question, the patients indicate that they are able or are not able to do the activity.…”

Section: Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Aging on Range of Motion and Function of Dominant Shoulder Joint in Healthy Geriatric Population

Singh¹,

Raghav²,

Tyagi³

et al. 2017

IJPR

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Introduction: Musculoskeletal problems are frequently perceived by the people as the first concrete sign of aging. Shoulder joint most frequently have musculoskeletal problems with declination of range of motion, function and strength. There is an increased emphasis on using subjective and objective outcome measures to characterize function in persons with dominant shoulder joint disorders. For dominant shoulder joint disorders, impairments most commonly measured include range of motion and functions. Different measurements are used to assess shoulder joint impairments, including range of motion and functions by goniometry and performance-based or self reported function test i.e. simple shoulder test (SST) respectively. To understand disablement, it is necessary to understand the relationship between age and impairments i.e. range of motion and functions in persons without any previous history of shoulder pathology. This study was conducted to find out the effect of aging on range of motion and function of dominant shoulder joint in healthy geriatric population. Materials and Methods:The study was of an observational design, with 330 subjects, 153 were female, 177 were male, and all subjects were assigned according to criteria (inclusion & exclusion) and carried out at physiotherapy OPD of CSS Hospital, Meerut. Range of motion and Function of dominant shoulder joint was assessed by using goniometry and simple shoulder test (SST) respectively. The collected data were of mean and standard deviation of range of motion and function of dominant shoulder joint has been analyzed statistically using SPSS software. The study was done to find out the effect of aging on range of motion and functions of dominant shoulder joint in healthy geriatric population. Results:The results showed that there was an age-related decline in range of motion and function of dominant shoulder joint in healthy geriatric population in the over 60 age category.Conclusion: Study concluded that there was low declination in range of motion and function of dominant shoulder joint in healthy geriatric population without upper extremity problem.

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“…The SST consists of dichotomous (yes [1] or no [0]) response options. For each question, the patients indicate that they are able or are not able to do the activity.…”

Section: Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bony changes have a direct effect on joint mobility, influencing the joint surfaces to alter joint mechanics [1]. Subchondral bone (the layer directly below No matter how healthy an individual is, as they age their joints will show some changes in mobility, due to changes in the connective tissues.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Aging on Range of Motion and Function of Dominant Shoulder Joint in Healthy Geriatric Population

Singh¹,

Raghav²,

Tyagi³

et al. 2017

IJPR

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“…A higher stiffness limits the movements of flexion and extension and consequently, reduces the range of motion. Freemont and Hoyland (2007) listed the main age-dependent factors affecting musculoskeletal tissues: bones become more fragile, cartilage loses resilience, skeletal muscles become weaker, ligaments lose elasticity, and fat is redistributed. Lacraz et al (2015) reported that, in mice, muscle stiffness increases with age due to the deposition of extracellular matrix, which influences the microenvironment of myogenic precursor cells (stem cells that act in cell turnover).…”

Section: A B Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, sarcopenia occurs in senescence, which leads to muscle wasting and loss of strength. Loss of motor end plates results in a decrease of innervation which, together with reduced anabolic hormones and increased catabolic agents, increases the muscle loss rate (FREEMONT;HOYLAND, 2007). Therefore, Sabanci and Ocal (2016) in a study of the stifle joint in seven dog breeds, reported that breed differences, body weights, and muscle mass should be taken into consideration during goniometric assessment of stifle function.…”

Section: A B Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With regard to changes resulting from age and pathological alterations, professionals must be alert because not only do the connective tissues begin to change with age, but tissue changes occur that have distinct pathological features typically associated with disease (FREEMONT;HOYLAND, 2007). These authors add that it can be difficult to distinguish between the age-related changes and the onset of the disease, thereby complicating the role of the pathologist in diagnosing disease and identifying material for research.…”

Section: A B Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Goniometric study of young and adult Saanen goats

Santos¹,

Lima²,

Barbosa³

et al. 2017

SCA

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Using the goniometric method, it is possible to take measures of extension, flexion, abduction, and adduction of a synovial joint. The aim of this study was to use goniometry to compare flexion and extension of fore and hind limbs of Saanen goats at different ages. Flexion and extension angles of the shoulder, elbow, and carpus joints, as well as of the thigh, stifle, and tarsus joints, were measured using a standard goniometer on 10 six-month-old goats and on 15 three-year-old goats. The range of motion was reduced in all joints of the adult animals compared to that of the younger animals, but the difference was statistically significant only for the shoulder, elbow, stifle, and tarsus. It was noted that the greater muscle volume of adult animals influenced the flexion capacity of limbs (statistically verified for all joints), whereas young animals reached a more complete flexion with smaller angles than in adults. Therefore, we have shown that age affects goniometric measurements of synovial joints in Saanen goats. Such data may be useful in evaluation of joints in other goats. Key words: Flexion. Extension. Goniometer. Young. Adult. Caprine. ResumoPor meio do método goniométrico é possível tomar medidas de extensão e de flexão, abdução e adução de uma articulação sinovial. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os dados goniométricos dos membros torácicos e pélvicos de cabras da raça Saanen em diferentes idades quando submetidos a movimentos de extensão e flexão. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 10 cabras de seis meses de idade e 15 de três anos para medir os ângulos de flexão e extensão das articulações do ombro, cotovelo e carpo, bem como das articulações da coxa, joelho e do tarso com a utilização de um goniômetro universal. A amplitude de movimento foi reduzida em animais adultos em todas as articulações, mas estatisticamente significativa no ombro, cotovelo, joelho e tarso. Durante as medições verificou-se que o volume maior do músculo de animais adultos influenciou a capacidade de flexão dos membros, estatisticamente mostrado em todas as articulações estudadas. Por outro lado, os animais jovens atingiram flexão mais completa, com ângulos menores do que em adultos. Portanto, houve diferenças entre as idades estatisticamente significativas nos valores goniométricos dos membros torácicos e pélvicos quando esses foram submetidos a movimentos de flexão e extensão. Confirma-se, pois, que a idade interfere nos valores goniométricos das articulações sinoviais dos animais da raça Saanen e esses dados poderão ser utilizados na avaliação articular de caprinos. Palavras-chave: Flexão. Extensão. Goniometria. Jovem. Adulto. Cabras.

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Bio‐Inspired 3D Environments for Cartilage Engineering

Ribelles

2012

Biomimetic Approaches for Biomaterials Development

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José Luis Gómez Ribelles to Concha Articular Cartilage HistologyHyaline cartilage is a very specialized tissue in which a small number of cells, chondrocytes, are distributed in a quite particular organization. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed mainly of collagen type II fibers and proteoglycan aggregates, which are mainly formed by the association of aggrecan with a large number of glycosaminoglycan chains. The combination of the collagen fiber stiffness and the high water sorption capacity of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) produces a hard tissue that is able to sustain the high compression loading to which articular cartilage is subjected [1-3] and is very permeable to water-soluble substances allowing the diffusion of nutrients and waste products of cell metabolism, which is crucial in the avascular tissue. Healthy articular cartilage contains between 70% and 75% of water, the GAGs content can be up to 20% depending on the joints and cartilage sites [4,5], and collagen type II can represent between 11% and 20% of the wet weight [6].Furthermore, ECM composition, and consequently its mechanical properties, cell shape, and cell distribution are not homogeneous. Different tissue layers, going from articular surface to subchondral bone, with quite different characteristics can be distinguished [7][8][9][10][11]. The articular surface layer contains flat chondrocytes dispersed in a network of collagen type II fibers preferentially aligned parallel to the surface, which gives the tissue a special ability to sustain the shear stress to which the articular surface is subjected. The transition zone contains dispersed rounded chondrocytes in a disordered network of collagen fibers. The deep zone contains large rounded chondrocytes ordered in columns perpendicular to articular surface and collagen fibers aligned in the same direction. Finally, the calcified cartilage is the interface with subchondral bone. It is characterized by hypertrophic chondrocytes, a high content of collagen type X in the ECM and by tissue mineralization. The level of GAGs is lower in the surface layer, increases in the transition zone, and is the highest in the deep zone. The elastic modulus of hyaline cartilage continuously increases with depth from the articular surface. Schinagl et al. [10] measured values Biomimetic Approaches for Biomaterials Development, First Edition. Edited by João F. Mano.

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Morphology, mechanisms and pathology of musculoskeletal ageing

Cited by 107 publications

References 88 publications

Effect of Aging on Range of Motion and Function of Dominant Shoulder Joint in Healthy Geriatric Population

Effect of Aging on Range of Motion and Function of Dominant Shoulder Joint in Healthy Geriatric Population

Goniometric study of young and adult Saanen goats

Bio‐Inspired 3D Environments for Cartilage Engineering

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