Morphological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical study on the ameliorative effect of gallic acid against bisphenol A-induced nephrotoxicity in male albino rats

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effect of gallic acid (GA) on ameliorating bisphenol A (BPA) nephrotoxicity in male rat kidneys. Forty rats were assigned randomly into two groups: control (ten animals) and BPA (40 mg/kg bwt) (thirty animals), the second group was divided into three subgroups: BPA alone, BPA + G50 (50 mg/kg bwt), and BPA + G200 (200 mg/kg bwt). The biochemical analysis included measurements of the contents of nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species, and cytokines (interleukin-1α and interleukin-6) in the kidney. The antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase were also measured in the kidney. Kidney function was assessed by determining uric acid, urea, and creatinine levels. The morphological investigations included hematoxylin and eosin staining for assessing the general histology and determining the glomerular and corpuscular areas, the tubular cell degeneration mean area, and the mean leukocyte infiltration area. Also, collagen fiber intensity and polysaccharide content were analyzed. Furthermore, immunohistochemical, morphometric, and ultrastructural studies were carried out. The results revealed morphological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical alterations in the kidney. Most of these changes showed a satisfactory improvement of kidney damage when BPA-administered rats were treated with GA at both doses. In conclusion, GA exhibited a strong protective effect against BPA-induced nephrotoxicity.

Sweet, bloody consumption – what we eat and how it affects vascular ageing, the BBB and kidney health in CKD

“…Co-treatment with folic acid and N-acetyl cysteine alleviated the observed effects of aspartame in the Wistar rats. 43 In a different study, female albino Wistar rats were through orogastric administration exposed on the 9th, 10th and 11th day of pregnancy to either at room temperature or heated to 40°C dissolved aspartame. Heating causes aspartame to form free phenylalanine and diketopiperazine, seemingly a carcinogen.…”

pH Modulated Formation of Complexes with Various Stoichiometry between Polymer Network and Fe(III) in Thermosensitive Gels Modified with Gallic Acid

“…During the experiments, temperature was controlled using a heated circulating bath (PolyScience, Niles, IL, USA). The swelling ratio for the rod-shaped gels can be defined as V/V o = (d/d o ) 3 , where V and V o represent the equilibrium volume of the hydrogel and the initial gel volume, d denotes the diameter of the gel rod, and d o is the diameter of the capillary in which the gel was synthesized. The precision of gel rod diameter measurement was better than 3%.…”

“…Gallic acid (3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, GA) is an interesting compound present in many areas of life-for instance, it is commonly used in the ink, dye, food, and pharmaceutical industries [1]. GA is a phenolic compound (a secondary polyphenolic metabolite) naturally most abundant in fruits, nuts, and tea leaves.…”

“…Salts of gallic acid are known as gallates. Gallic acid possesses valuable medical properties, such as antioxidant, nephrotoxic, and anti-cancer characteristics [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Among other applications, this compound was commonly used as an ingredient in medieval writing inks, due to the formation of color complexes [ 5 ].…”

Вплив Густого Екстракту З Грибів Майтаке На Ознаки Запального Процесу За Умов Тестостерон-Індукованої Доброякісної Гiперплазії Перeдміхурової Залoзи У Щyрів

“…Removal of prostate gland (PG) is recommended only in case of severe symptoms. In other cases, urologists recommend complex therapy, which includes medications, special biologically active supplements, traditional medicine and mandatory preventive measures [1,2].…”