Morphological and biochemical markers of inflammatory reactions in a mucous membrane of bronchial tubes at the heavy form of a bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive disease of lungs

Gereng, Ye. A.; Суходоло, И. В.; Плешко, Р. И.; Ogorodova, L. M.; Akbasheva, O. Ye.; Bukreyeva, Ye. B.; Dzyuman, A. N.; Kobyakova, О. S.; Селиванова, П. А.; Kremis, I. S.

doi:10.20538/1682-0363-2009-3-11-16

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…When binding proteinases, α 1 -PI in complex with α 2 -macroglobulin is removed from the bloodstream to EPR for degradation, which leads to insufficient inhibitory activity in blood plasma. It is known that the activity of α 1 -PI decreases in the presence of chronic inflammation in 2–5% of patients, which is considered as depletion of the inhibitory potential of blood plasma [ 188 , 189 ].…”

Section: α 1 -Proteinase Inhibitor Under Normal ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteolysis and Deficiency of α1-Proteinase Inhibitor in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Акбашева

Spirina

Dyakov

et al. 2022

Biochem. Moscow Suppl. Ser. B

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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic had stimulated the emergence of numerous publications on the α 1 -proteinase inhibitor (α 1 -PI, α 1 -antitrypsin), especially when it was found that the regions of high mortality corresponded to the regions with deficient α 1 -PI alleles. By analogy with the data obtained in the last century, when the first cause of the genetic deficiency of α 1 -antitrypsin leading to elastase activation in pulmonary emphysema was proven, it can be supposed that proteolysis hyperactivation in COVID-19 may be associated with the impaired functions of α 1 -PI. The purpose of this review was to systematize the scientific data and critical directions for translational studies on the role of α 1 -PI in SARS-CoV-2-induced proteolysis hyperactivation as a diagnostic marker and a therapeutic target. This review describes the proteinase-dependent stages of viral infection: the reception and penetration of the virus into a cell and the imbalance of the plasma aldosterone–angiotensin–renin, kinin, and blood clotting systems. The role of ACE2, TMPRSS, ADAM17, furin, cathepsins, trypsin- and elastase-like serine proteinases in the virus tropism, the activation of proteolytic cascades in blood, and the COVID-19-dependent complications is considered. The scientific reports on α 1 -PI involvement in the SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation, the relationship with the severity of infection and comorbidities were analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the acquired α 1 -PI deficiency in assessing the state of patients with proteolysis overactivation and chronic non-inflammatory diseases, which are accompanied by the risk factors for comorbidity progression and the long-term consequences of COVID-19. Essential data on the search and application of protease inhibitor drugs in the therapy for bronchopulmonary and cardiovascular pathologies were analyzed. The evidence of antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, and anti-apoptotic effects of α 1 -PI, as well as the prominent data and prospects for its application as a targeted drug in the SARS-CoV-2 acquired pneumonia and related disorders, are presented.

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Section: α 1 -Proteinase Inhibitor Under Normal ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteolysis and Deficiency of α1-Proteinase Inhibitor in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Акбашева

Spirina

Dyakov

et al. 2022

Biochem. Moscow Suppl. Ser. B

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“…Опубліковано поодинокі праці, присвячені впливу «протеолітиків» на деякі зони дихальної системи при гострих і хронічних неспецифічних запальних процесах у легенях та плеврі. У них відповідну роль відведено нейтрофільній еластазі [1,3,5,6,8,11]. Установлено, що цей фермент належить до класу серинових протеїназ.…”

Section: ключові словаunclassified

“…Установлено, що цей фермент належить до класу серинових протеїназ. У людському організмі одним з головних її продуцентів вважають нейтрофіли [1,11]. Еластаза є біохімічним маркером запального процесу та може відігравати вирішальну роль у патогенезі порушень дихальної системи й поліорганної недостатності [2].…”

Section: ключові словаunclassified

The state of the proteolytic system in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

Duzhyi¹,

Oleshchenko²,

Hnatenko³

2019

Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases, HIV Infection

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exceeded the norm by 1.5 times (p < 0.01). In patients with MDR TB the level did not exceed the normal values 1.1 times (p > 0.05), which was statistically not reliable. The level of neutrophil elastase in patients with sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly higher in 1.4 times than patients with multidrugresistant pulmonary tuberculosis (p < 0.05), which according to authors suggests inhibition of the reactivity of the organism.Conclusions. The authors believe that a higher level of neutrophilic elastase is evidenced by the active lung tuberculosis detected in a timely manner, and less -about the late MDR TB of the lungs.

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Role of Il-4, Il-6, Il-8, Il-10 Cytokines in the Immunopathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

et al. 2019

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is socially significant disease. COPD is based on chronic inflammatory process of respiratory tract, which determines steady progression of the bronchial obstruction. Studies of the role of cytokines in immune pathogenesis of COPD are of crucial importance. The biological mediators determine local, systemic inflammation, and pathophysiological effects of extra-systemic pathological manifestations. In this work, we studied spontaneous and induced production of IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 cytokines by blood leukocytes from the patients with moderate and severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, beyond the exacerbation phase. It is shown that the evident role in formation of the inflammatory process in COPD belongs to the IL-6, IL-8. We have found a significant increase in both spontaneous and induced production of IL-6 and IL-8 (p < 0.05) in the patients. Induced production of cytokines strongly suggests the reserve capabilities of immunocompetent cells in response to the pathogenic factor. Neutrophilic type of inflammation, manifesting as activation of granulocytes, mostly, neutrophils, in response to toxic agents (in particular, smoking) and bacterial pathogens, is primarily associated with IL-6 and IL-8. These results reflect the type and intensity of respiratory tract inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its persistent course.High levels of the studied cytokines confirm their role in bronchial remodeling and contribute to irreversibility of bronchial obstruction in this disorder. The relationship between spontaneous and induced production of the studied cytokines and the clinical indices of the disease course has been shown. Statistically significant increase between frequency of COPD recurrences (more than 2 times pro year, p < 0.05), and low FEV1values (p < 0.05) were observed in patients with high values of spontaneous and induced production of IL-6 and IL-8. It may be associated with persistent course of neutrophilic inflammation of respiratory tract and progressive bronchial obstruction. IL-6 and IL-8 significantly contribute to pathogenetic mechanisms, determining the clinical course of COPD and may serve as markers of severity in this disorder. Certainly, the immune mechanisms of pathological inflammation in COPD are complex and multifaceted. Studies of clinical significance of induced cytokine production will help the physician when determining type and duration of treatment. Personalized approach to the therapy of patients with COPD depends on the phenotype of pathology, pattern, severity and intensity of inflammation.

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Morphological and biochemical markers of inflammatory reactions in a mucous membrane of bronchial tubes at the heavy form of a bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive disease of lungs

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Proteolysis and Deficiency of α1-Proteinase Inhibitor in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Proteolysis and Deficiency of α1-Proteinase Inhibitor in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

The state of the proteolytic system in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

Role of Il-4, Il-6, Il-8, Il-10 Cytokines in the Immunopathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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