Morphogenesis of the carpal elements in the regenerating forelimb of adult <i>Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens</i>

Benzo, Mary M.; Benzo, Camillo A.; Manner, Harold W.

doi:10.1002/ar.1091830306

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The callus is continuous with the differentiating cartilage in the blastema and is converted to bone and remodeled to the normal configuration as regeneration proceeds. Chondrogenesis occurs in an approximate proximal‐to‐distal sequence as in normally developing urodele limbs (Benzo et al, 1975; Goss, 1983; Wake and Shubin, 1998). After amputation through the proximal humerus, the humerus forms cartilage first, followed by the radius and ulna, then the carpals and digits.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If allowance is made for the formation of the blastema before limb regeneration can proceed (Chalkley, 1954; Smith et al, 1974), the time interval during which ossification begins in the limb bones is roughly similar for regenerating adult N. viridescens and larval T. vulgaris limbs. The bony structures in the regenerate are restored, reiterating the developmental patterning in a proximal–distal direction (Benzo et al, 1975). In contrast to the proximal to distal mineralization, but in agreement with developmental processes, the carpal elements do not ossify at the same time as the neighboring hand bones (Libbin et al, 1988, 1989).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bone formation during forelimb regeneration: A microtomography (microCT) analysis

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Blackburn

Gradassi

et al. 2003

Developmental Dynamics

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In our study of bone regeneration in the forelimbs of mature newts (Notophthalmus viridescens), we used noninvasive X-ray microtomography (microCT) to image regenerating limbs from 37 to 85 days and matching (contralateral) controls. We compared the patterns of regenerated and existing (nonregenerated) bone, investigating in particular the onset of mineralization of specific bones, the level of mineral present, and the lengths of the different bones. Overall, we find that the missing limb skeletal elements are restored in a proximal-to-distal direction, which reiterates the developmental patterning program. However, in contrast to this proximal-distal sequence, the portion of the humerus distal to the amputation site fails to ossify in synchrony with the regenerating radius and ulna. This finding suggests that the replacement of cartilage with mineralized bone close to the amputation site is delayed with respect to other regenerating skeletal elements.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone formation during forelimb regeneration: A microtomography (microCT) analysis

Stock

Blackburn

Gradassi

et al. 2003

Developmental Dynamics

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Bioelectricity and regeneration. I. Initiation of frog limb regeneration by minute currents

1977

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We have applied 0.2 pamps of current to the forelimb stump of Rana adults for several weeks. The stimulator was designed to avoid introduction of any physiologically active electrode products into the tissue. Current was applied to the dorsal postaxial region of the stump. Cathodal (i.e., distally negative) current initiated partial regeneration; anodal (i.e., distally positive) current initiated extensive destruction of the limb; while implantation of sham stimulators (delivering no current) yielded limbs showing just a healing response. Regeneration was indicated by organized extension of the severed radio-ulna, newly formed muscle, ligament, and isolated cartilage rods that were partially segmented. Moreover, extraordinarily large amounts of nerve developed in the regenerated tissue. We conclude that the cathodally initiated regeneration was mediated by small electrical fields within the stump and not by electrode products. However, a n electrode product (Ag' ion) cannot be completely excluded as a possible mediator of anodal destruction.

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A scanning electron microscopic comparison of the development of embryonic and regenerating limbs in the axolotl

Tank¹,

Carlson²,

Connelly³

1977

J. Exp. Zool.

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A comparison between the surface features of embryonic limb development and limb regeneration was made in the axolotl. Scanning electron microscopy revealed an overall similarity between embryonic and regenerating limbs. A notable feature was the lack of a morphologically discrete apical epidermal specialization on the surface of any of the limbs. Histological preparations revealed no thickening of the apical epidermis in embryonic limbs. There is a definite thickening of the apical epidermis in regenerating limbs during the stages of dedifferentiation and the early blastemal phases, but the thickening projects into the underlying tissues rather than altering the smooth surface contours of the blastema. Minor differences in epidermal specializations (ciliated cells scattered over the entire body and very irregularly shaped cells with knob-like projections at the tips of digits in embryos) may be attributable to differences in overall activity of the animals at various stages in their life history.

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Morphogenesis of the carpal elements in the regenerating forelimb of adult Notophthalmus viridescens viridescens

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Bone formation during forelimb regeneration: A microtomography (microCT) analysis

Bone formation during forelimb regeneration: A microtomography (microCT) analysis

Bioelectricity and regeneration. I. Initiation of frog limb regeneration by minute currents

A scanning electron microscopic comparison of the development of embryonic and regenerating limbs in the axolotl

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