Morpho-anatomical aspects and technological quality of saccharine sorghum submitted to plant regulators

Abstract

-With the increase in the demand for renewable fuels, the sugarcane industry must seek a way of increasing agro-industrial productivity while reducing production costs. Currently, there are few reports on the use of plant growth regulators in saccharine sorghum crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of chemical ripening agents on the technological quality and the morphological and anatomical aspects of saccharine sorghum. The experiment was conducted at the Cerradinho Mill in Catanduva, São Paulo state. Plant growth regulators applied were etephon at 1.32, 0.66 and 0.33 L ha -1 , sulfometuron-methyl at 20.0, 10.0 and 5.0 g ha -1 , thiadizuron at 0.150, 0.100 and 0.50 L ha -1 , ethyl-trinexapac at 0.80, 0.40 and 0.20 L ha -1 and a control treatment. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks with a subplot design with four replications. The following technological parameters were evaluated: juice purity, reduced sugars, total recoverable sugars, juice brix, juice pol, theoretical recoverable sugars and fiber (%). The thickness of the upper face or adaxial epidermis (AdE), the thickness of the lower face or abaxial epidermis (AbE), sclerenchyma diameter (SD), mesophyll thickness (MT), diameter of xilematic vessels (DX) and diameter of phloematic vessels (DP) were evaluated. It is concluded that saccharine sorghum showed a significant increase in technological quality when etephon was used at dose of 0.33 L ha -1 , and at 0.66 L ha -1 between 37 and 44 days after the application of chemical ripening agents. For the technical characteristics, the chemical ripening agent sulfometuron-methyl and etephon in doses of 5 g. ha -1 and 0.33 L ha -1 , respectively, promoted the best results from the 37 days after application. For anatomic characteristics of saccharide sorghum plants, the chemical ripener agent thiadizuron in dose of 0.100 L ha -1 showed the best results at 44 days after application. Keywords: hormonal phytoregulators; stress phytoregulators; raw material quality; chemical ripening agents tem tido como desafio o aumento da produtividade agroindustrial, além da redução dos custos de produção. Atualmente, são escassos os relatos da utilização de reguladores vegetais na cultura do sorgo sacarino. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar aplicação dos reguladores vegetais na qualidade tecnológica e aspectos morfoanatômicos do sorgo sacarino. O ensaio foi realizado na usina Cerradinho em Catanduva SP. As aplicações dos reguladores vegetais foram: etephon nas dosagens de 1,32, 0,66, 0,33 L ha -1 , sulfometuron-methyl nas dosagens de 20, 10, 5 g ha -1 , thiadizuron nas dosagens de 0,150, 0,100, 0,50 L ha -1 , ethyl-trinexapac nas dosagens de 0,80, 0,40, 0,20 L ha -1 e controle. O experimento foi conduzido em Blocos Casualizados, no esquema de parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as variáveis tecnológicas: pureza do caldo, açúcares redutores, açúcares totais recuperáveis, brix do caldo, pol do caldo, açúcares teóricos recuperáveis, f...

Chemical and Energetic Characteristics of African Sweet Sorghum as a Source of Bioenergy

“…The applications were performed in the morning, from 8:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m., at a temperature of 25°C ± 2.5°C and relative humidity of 70% ± 5%. The phytoregulators were sprayed using a CO 2 -pressurized sprayer with six flat nozzles (AXI-11002) spaced at intervals of 0.5 m along the spray boom (Viana et al, 2016). There was no subsequent rainfall.…”

“…During their production cycles, agricultural crops undergo numerous quantitative and qualitative changes in their morphophysiological characteristics owing to the contiguous actions of biotic and abiotic factors, such as pests, diseases, weed competition, photoperiod, frost, and temperature and water regime including the timing and duration of cultural practices, such as the application of Engenharia Agrícola, Jaboticabal, v.39, n.4, p.426-433, jul./aug. 2019 phyto-regulators, which can either improve or compromise the raw material quality, thereby directly influencing the energy potential of solid biofuels (May et al 2016;Viana et al, 2016). Phyto-regulators are synthetic compounds that perform functions analogous to those of plant hormones; despite their benefits, phyto-regulators damage plant physiology and cause reductions in sucrose, lignin, and cellulose contents (Meschede et al 2011;Viana et al, 2015;Muhwiridzwa et al, 2016).…”

Produtividade E Características Biométricas De Sorgo Sacarino Sob Torta De Filtro / Productivity and Biometric Characteristics of Sorghum Under Filter Pie

“…O sorgo sacarino tem se destacado dentre as culturas bioenergéticas, em que, vem sendo utilizadas como matéria prima suplementar, principalmente no período de entressafra da cana de açúcar, em áreas de reforma do canavial, e em sucessão de culturas, a fim de otimizar a produção de etanol (VIANA et al, 2016;VIEIRA et al, 2017;CECCON et al, 2018;BARCELOS et al, 2019;ECULICA et al, 2019). Contudo, pesquisas ainda evidenciam a eficiência do bagaço de sorgo sacarino na produção de etanol de segunda geração (VIEIRA et al, 2017).…”