Moringa oleifera inhibits growth of Candida spp. and Hortaea werneckii isolated from Macrobrachium amazonicum prawn farming with a wide margin of safety

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of M. oleifera extracts against fungi isolated from farmed prawns and test the toxicity of the extracts on larvae of Macrobrachium amazonicum. The ethanol extracts of pods, seeds, leaves, stems and flowers and chloroform extract of flowers of M. oleifera were tested against 14 strains of Candida spp. and 10 strains of Hortaea werneckii isolated from farming water and the digestive tract of M. amazonicum. Antifungal activity was determined by microdilution, based on the M27-A3 and M38-A2 CLSI documents. Toxicity was evaluated by exposing larvae of M. amazonicum at concentrations between 10-1000mg mL-1, counting dead larvae (CL50) after 24 hours. The best results were verified with the chloroform extract of flowers, acting against all tested strains, with MICs ranging from 0.019 to 2.5 mg mL-1. Ethanol extracts of leaves, flowers and seeds acted against 22/24, 21/24 and 20/24 strains, respectively. The extract of pods was only effective against strains of Candida spp. (14/24) and extract of stem only against four strains of H. werneckii (4/24). Extracts of seeds, flowers (chloroform fraction), stems and leaves showed low or no toxicity, whereas extracts of pods and flowers (ethanol fraction) showed moderate toxicity. Thus, the antifungal activity of these extracts agaisnt Candida spp. and H. werneckii was observed, a wide margin of safety for larvae of M. amazonicum, demonstrating to be promising for the sustainable management of effluents from M. amazonicum farming

Moringa oleifera: Nutritive importance and its medicinal application, as a review22

“…They have been considered as active components related to certain recognized antioxidant enzymes like Catalase (CAT), Glutathione S-transferase (GPx), and Superoxide dismutase (SOD), are of high importance in human growth, also the development acting as antioxidant synthesis [49]. Anti-atherosclerotic [28] Anti-inflammatory [32] Anti-cancer [33] Anti-microbial [34] Hepatoprotective [35] Hypocholesterolemic [36] Hypoglycaemic [37] Hypolipidaemic [28] Immunomodulatory [36] Nephroprotective [37] Roots Anti-inflammatory [38] Antimicrobial [39] Hepatoprotective [40] Nephroprotective [35] Flowers Antimicrobial [41] Hepatoprotective [40] Nephroprotective [35] Pods Anti-inflammatory [42] Antimicrobial [3] Antioxidant [12] Hypocholesteromic [43] Flowers Antimicrobial [41] Hepatoprotective [40] Nephroprotective [35] Seeds Anti-inflammatory [44] Anti-cancer [33] Antimicrobial [45] Antioxidant [12] Immunomodulatory [38] _____________________________________________ These antioxidant enzymes are synthesized by the body but the trace elements needed cofactors must be supplied by the diet. The plant's antioxidant activity has been especially high in seeds, pod, and leaves extracts.…”