More diverse tree communities promote foliar fungal pathogen diversity, but decrease infestation rates per tree species, in a subtropical biodiversity experiment

Rutten, Gemma; Hönig, Lydia; Schwaß, Rowena; Braun, Uwe; Saadani, Mariem; Schuldt, Andreas; Michalski, Stefan G.; Bruelheide, Helge

doi:10.1111/1365-2745.13620

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…In addition, tree plantations maintain more plant biomass, soil organic carbon and nitrogen than degraded ecosystems (Bonner et al., 2013), offer more food and substrates to consumers and decomposers (Wang & Tang, 2019; Wang et al., 2019), and may therefore preserve high diversity at the other trophic levels. In contrast, tree plantations decrease plant diversity compared with primary forests (Bremer & Farley, 2010), which might decrease above‐ and belowground biodiversity through the simplification of food and substrate structure (Guo et al., 2021; Rutten et al., 2021). Therefore, understanding the dynamics of plant community structure and soil conditions is crucial to quantifying the biodiversity after tree planting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tree plantation and management regimes could also regulate the effects of tree plantations on biodiversity through changing biotic and abiotic conditions, such as plantation models (mixed vs. monoculture), planted tree species (native vs. exotic), plantation age and management regimes (managed vs. unmanaged; Bonner et al., 2013; Felton et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2018). In comparison to monoculture plantations, mixed plantations with high plant diversity provide more diverse food and habitats to consumers and decomposers (Guo et al., 2021; Rutten et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2019), which might lead to higher diversity at the other trophic levels (Teuscher et al., 2016). In addition, the tree species planted can also affect the responses of biodiversity to tree plantations (Bremer & Farley, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A global meta‐analysis of the impacts of tree plantations on biodiversity

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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Aim Planted forests are becoming increasingly common world‐wide for a variety of reasons, including water conservation and carbon sequestration, although the effects of tree plantations on biodiversity are unclear with respect to whether planted ecosystems are “green deserts” or valuable habitats for biodiversity. Location Global. Time period 1980–2020. Taxa studied Flora, fauna and microorganisms. Methods By conducting a meta‐analysis of 361 observations from 138 sites world‐wide, we explored the global patterns and associated drivers of biodiversity responding to tree plantations by comparing biodiversity levels in plantations and adjacent habitats (primary or secondary forests). Results Overall, the biodiversity (species richness) and abundance across multitrophic levels in tree plantations were lower than those in primary forests, reached similar values to secondary succession, but varied with plantation and management regimes. Specifically, the biodiversity across multitrophic levels in reforestation was higher than that in afforestation; the biodiversity in mixed, native species and unmanaged plantations was higher than that in monoculture, exotic species and managed plantations. The diversity of vertebrates, invertebrates and plants in reforestation was lower than that in primary forests, whereas belowground biodiversity in reforestation showed no difference from primary forests. Invertebrate diversity in reforestation was lower than that in secondary succession, whereas plant diversity was higher than that in secondary succession. Moreover, the biodiversity in reforestation increased with reforestation age. Furthermore, structural equation models showed that aboveground faunal diversity in reforestation was driven by canopy coverage and plant diversity and that reforestation affected belowground biodiversity mainly by changing soil organic carbon. Main conclusions Our findings suggest that reforestation by planting mixed native species will be more beneficial to biodiversity. We reveal that biodiversity in intensively managed plantations is significantly lower than that in restoration‐oriented plantations. We highlight that primary forests are not replaceable, but that planted forests might be a reliable way to restore biodiversity rapidly.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global meta‐analysis of the impacts of tree plantations on biodiversity

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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“…The literature shows that higher microbiome diversity may be associated with a lower infection rate (see for example Rutten et al . 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the rice production system (irrigated vs lowland) on root-associated microbiome from farmer’s fields in western Burkina Faso

Barro

Wonni

Simonin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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As a consequence of its potential applications for food safety, there is a growing interest in rice root-associated microbial communities, but some systems remain understudied. Here, we compare the assemblage of root-associated microbiota in rice sampled in 19 small farmers fields from irrigated and rainfed lowlands in western Burkina Faso, using an amplicon metabarcoding approach 16S (Prokaryotes, three plant sample per field) and ITS (fungi, one sample per field). In addition to the expected structure according to the root compartment (root vs. rhizosphere) and geographical zones, we show that the rice production system is a major driver of microbiome structure, both for prokaryotes and fungi. In irrigated systems, we found a higher diversity of prokaryotic communities from rhizosphere and more complex co-occurrence networks, compared to rainfed lowlands. Core taxa were different between the two systems, and indicator species were identified: mostly within Bacillaceae and Bradyrhizobiaceae families in rainfed lowlands, and within Burkholderiaceae and Moraxellaceae in irrigated areas. Finally, phylotypes assigned to putative phytobeneficial and pathogen species were found. Mycorrhizal fungi Glomeromycetes abundance was higher in rainfed lowlands. Our results highlight deep microbiome differences induced by contrasted rice production systems that should consequently be considered for potential microbial engineering applications.

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“…For simplicity our framework assumes that pathogens and mutualists are entirely generalist and able to associate with species of any other strategy. However, many (fungal) pathogens are highly specialised and attack only one or a few related species (Gilbert and Webb 2007; Kembel and Mueller 2014; Rutten et al 2021). In this case, we might see negative feedbacks occurring even when functionally very similar species are compared.…”

Section: Remaining Gaps and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using root economics traits to predict plant soil-feedbacks

Rutten

Allan²

2022

Preprint

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Plant-soil feedbacks have been recognised as playing a key role in a range of ecological processes, including succession, invasion, species coexistence and population dynamics. However, there is substantial variation between species in the strength of plant-soil feedbacks and predicting this variation remains challenging. Here, we propose an original concept to predict the outcome of plant-soil feedbacks. We hypothesize that plants with different root traits culture different proportions of pathogens and mutualists and this contributes to differences in performance between home soils (cultured by conspecifics) versus away soils (cultured by heterospecifics). We use the recently described root economics spectrum, which identifies two gradients in root traits. A conservation gradient distinguishes fast vs. slow species, and from the growth defence theory we predict that these species culture different amounts of pathogens in their soils. A collaboration gradient distinguishes species that associate with mycorrhizae to outsource soil nutrient acquisition vs. those which use a “do it yourself” strategy and capture nutrients without mycorrhizae. We provide a framework, which predicts that the strength and direction of feedback between a pair of species is determined by the functional distance between them along each axis. We then use data from two case studies to show how to apply the framework, by analysing the response of plant-soil feedbacks to measures of distance and position along each axis and find support for our predictions. Finally, we highlight further areas where our framework could be developed and propose study designs that would help to fill current research gaps.

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More diverse tree communities promote foliar fungal pathogen diversity, but decrease infestation rates per tree species, in a subtropical biodiversity experiment

Abstract: This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as

Cited by 24 publications

References 72 publications

A global meta‐analysis of the impacts of tree plantations on biodiversity

A global meta‐analysis of the impacts of tree plantations on biodiversity

The impact of the rice production system (irrigated vs lowland) on root-associated microbiome from farmer’s fields in western Burkina Faso

Using root economics traits to predict plant soil-feedbacks

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