Monolithic pixel development in TowerJazz 180 nm CMOS for the outer pixel layers in the ATLAS experiment

Kugathasan, T.; Wang, Tianyang; Hemperek, T.; Buttar, C. M.; Rousset, J.; Mugnier, H.; Musa, L.; Schaefer, D.; Cardella, R.; Sharma, A.; Dalla, Marco; Berdalovic, I.; Plaja, Núria Egidos; Snoeys, W.; Bates, R. L.; Sbarra, C.; Sánchez, Carlos Solans; Pernegger, H.; Riegel, C. J.; Wermes, N.; Schioppa, E. J.; Riedler, P.; Moustakas, Konstantinos; Tobon, C. A. Marin; Blochet, Bastien; Maneuski, D.; Hoorne, J. W. Van

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/13/01/c01023

Cited by 60 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Promising results of the modified process test chip encouraged the design of two large scale prototypes based on the same technology and front-end, called MALTA [11] and TJ-Monopix [7,12] featuring different readout schemes. The small sensor capacitance yields a very high input signal equal to 15 mV for the Most Probable Value (MPV) ≈ 1500 e − .…”

Section: Tj-monopix Chip Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

CMOS monolithic pixel sensors based on the column-drain architecture for the HL-LHC upgrade

Moustakas

Barbero

Berdalovic

et al. 2019

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Depleted Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (DMAPS) constitute a promising low cost alternative for the outer layers of the ATLAS experiment Inner Tracker (ITk). Realizations in modern, high resistivity CMOS technologies enhance their radiation tolerance by achieving substantial depletion of the sensing volume. Two DMAPS prototypes that use the same "column-drain" readout architecture and are based on different sensor implementation concepts named LF-Monopix and TJ-Monopix have been developed for the High Luminosity upgrade of the Large Hardon Collider (HL-LHC) . LF-Monopix was fabricated in the LFoundry 150 nm technology and features pixel size of 50x250 µm 2 and large collection electrode opted for high radiation tolerance. Detection efficiency up to 99% has been measured after irradiation to 1 · 10 15 n eq /cm 2 . TJ-Monopix is a large scale (1x2 cm 2 ) prototype featuring pixels of 36x40 µm 2 size. It was fabricated in a novel TowerJazz 180 nm modified process that enables full depletion of the sensitive layer, while employing a small collection electrode that is less sensitive to crosstalk. The resulting small sensor capacitance (<= 3 f F) is exploited by a compact, low power front end optimized to meet the 25ns timing requirement. Measurement results demonstrate the sensor performance in terms of Equivalent Noise Charge (ENC) ≈ 11e − , threshold ≈ 300 e − , threshold dispersion ≈ 30 e − and total power consumption lower than 120 mW/cm 2 .

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Section: Tj-monopix Chip Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

CMOS monolithic pixel sensors based on the column-drain architecture for the HL-LHC upgrade

Moustakas

Barbero

Berdalovic

et al. 2019

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…The MALTA front end with masking and analogue test pulse injection is derived from the ALPIDE front end adapted to the 25 ns timing requirement of ATLAS. Simulations predict a threshold level of 300 e − with a dispersion of 10 e − and an ENC of 10 e − , sufficiently low to avoid the need for an in-pixel threshold adjustment circuit [7]. The pulse height information can be obtained from the time walk between the bunch crossing time and the leading edge of the discriminator signal with a simulated 25 ns in-time threshold of 300 e − .…”

Section: Sensor and Front End Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the monolithic "MALTA" CMOS sensor for the ATLAS ITK outer pixel layer

Hiti¹,

Argemi²,

Tortajada³

et al. 2019

Proceedings of Topical Workshop on Electronics for Particle Physics — PoS(TWEPP2018)

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Depleted Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (DMAPS) are an option for the outermost layer of the upgraded ATLAS ITk Pixel Detector at the CERN LHC. Two large size DMAPS named TJ MALTA and TJ Monopix were produced in a 180 nm CMOS imaging process in a small collection electrode design. The TJ MALTA chip combines a low power front end with a novel matrix readout design to achieve a low power consumption of < 80 mW/cm 2 . Threshold values of ≈ 250 e − with a dispersion of ≈ 30 e − and an ENC of < 10 e − can be achieved before irradiation which is consistent with the results from TJ Monopix. Test beam measurements indicate an average efficiency of 96 % before irradiation, with the inefficiency mainly due to a non fully functional masking scheme, forcing operation at relatively high thresholds. After neutron irradiation to 1 × 10 15 n eq /cm 2 the efficiency in pixel centres is retained, but it is reduced in pixel corners. A proposal to improve charge collection in the corners is backed up by TCAD simulations and promises an improved performance with small modifications.

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“…The chip's matrix architecture is fully clock-less, leading to a low power consumption. Charge deposition information is extracted from the signal's time walk [7]. Pixel sizes are of 36.4 x 36.4 µm 2 , with the sensor being populated with 512 x 512 pixels in total.…”

Section: Sensor Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Malta CMOS pixel detector prototype for the ATLAS Pixel ITK

Sharma¹,

Argemi²,

Tortajada³

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the 27th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors — PoS(VERTEX2018)

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The ATLAS experiment is planning a major upgrade of its tracking detectors, both strip and pixel, to take full advantage of the High Luminosity LHC. A novel Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor based on 180 nm TowerJazz CMOS imaging technology, dubbed MALTA, has been designed to meet the radiation hardness requirements (1.5x10 15 1 MeV n eq /cm 2) of the outer barrel layers of the ITk Pixel detector. MALTA combines low noise (ENC<20 e −) and low power operation (1 µW/pixel) with a fast signal response (25 ns bunch crossing) in small pixel size (36.4x36.4 µm 2), with a novel high-speed asynchronous readout architecture to cope with the high hit-rates expected at HL-LHC. Extensive lab testing and characterisation in particle beam tests have been conducted on this design and compared with previous prototypes of the same technology. An overview of the sensor technology and readout architecture are presented along with the preliminary results from laboratory tests, radioactive source tests and beam tests.

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Monolithic pixel development in TowerJazz 180 nm CMOS for the outer pixel layers in the ATLAS experiment

Cited by 60 publications

References 7 publications

CMOS monolithic pixel sensors based on the column-drain architecture for the HL-LHC upgrade

CMOS monolithic pixel sensors based on the column-drain architecture for the HL-LHC upgrade

Development of the monolithic "MALTA" CMOS sensor for the ATLAS ITK outer pixel layer

The Malta CMOS pixel detector prototype for the ATLAS Pixel ITK

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