Monkeypox: EpiMPX Surveillance System and Open Data with a Special Focus on European and Italian Epidemic

Branda, Francesco; Pierini, Massimo; Mazzoli, Sandra

doi:10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100114

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Waiting until at least one average SI has passed can reduce the associated bias in the early R 0 estimate 8 . We used European ECDC confirmed cases from our surveillance system EpiMPX, 10 updated to the end of August 2022; median pooled basic early reproduction number R 0 in Europe, according with our new estimates, is 2.44 (see Figure 1). Results show high R 0 variability between the selected European countries (Figure 1B and Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We applied the method to the recent Monkeypox outbreak in Europe, using the data provided by the ECDC, 2 made readily available in machine-readable format by the EpiMPX project. 10 We also assumed that the early SI estimate in Italy 11 is valid for other European countries too. A more detailed description of the method is available in the Supporting Information and its implementation is public and opensource on the GitHub repository available at the link https://github.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monkeypox: Early estimation of basic reproduction number R₀ in Europe

Branda

Pierini

Mazzoli³

2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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This world outbreak of Monkeypox (MPX) infections outside Africa emerged on May 2022 in Europe and spread worldwide with unique characteristics: inter‐human contagion and infection in men without specific previous immunization, prevalently men‐who‐have‐sex‐with‐men (MSM). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed a unique clade, the West African clade, subclade IIb. On August 30, WHO stated 48 895 laboratory confirmed cases from 101 different countries, of which 28 050 were in Europe. It has therefore become important to define new epidemiological indices. Starting from our new surveillance system EpiMPX open data, we defined an early R0 measure, using European ECDC confirmed cases from the epidemic start to the end of August 2022; our early R0 pooled median is 2.44, with high variability between countries. We observed the higher R0 in Portugal and Germany, followed by Italy, Spain, and France. Anyway, these high estimates refer to the MSM group rather than to the general population. Early estimation of R0 can be used to support the epidemiological understanding of transmission dynamics and contain MPX from spreading in naive populations and core groups with risk factors. MPX is in an evolving situation with much to learn and to do to combat the current epidemic outbreak.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox: Early estimation of basic reproduction number R₀ in Europe

Branda

Pierini

Mazzoli³

2022

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Strengthening surveillance systems, both nationally and internationally, is essential for early case identification and outbreak response [41]. Surveillance efforts should include syndromic surveillance, laboratory surveillance, and improved case-reporting mechanisms to facilitate rapid data collection and analysis [42]. In addition, the integration of One Health approaches that include animal health surveillance can provide early warning signals of potential spillover events from wildlife reservoirs to humans [43].…”

Section: Public Health Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mpox: An Overview of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Public Health Implications

Branda,

Romano,

Ciccozzi

et al. 2024

JCM

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Mpox, caused by viruses of the genus Orthopoxvirus, is an emerging threat to human and animal health. With increasing urbanization and more frequent interaction between humans and wild animals, the risk of Mpox transmission to humans has increased significantly. This review aims to examine in depth the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of Mpox, with a special focus on recent discoveries and advances in understanding the disease. Molecular mechanisms involved in viral replication will be examined, as well as risk factors associated with interspecific transmission and spread of the disease in human populations. Currently available diagnostic methods will also be discussed, with a critical analysis of their limitations and possible future directions for improving the accuracy and timeliness of diagnosis. Finally, this review will explore the public health implications associated with Mpox, emphasizing the importance of epidemiological surveillance, vaccination, and emergency preparedness to prevent and manage possible outbreaks. Understanding the epidemiology and control strategies for Mpox is critical to protecting the health of human and animal communities and mitigating the risk of interspecific transmission and spread of the disease.

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“…The MPV outbreak in 2022 is unlike any other seen before outside Africa, as it has shown a unique pattern with more cases and greater transmission rate than any other prior outbreaks. Given the seriousness of the situation, proper surveillance is essential to protect communities most vulnerable to the disease and is also an important factor in preventing the zoonotic transmission and spread of monkeypox [ 110 ]. The inter-human transmission of MPV occurs through direct contact with the mucous membranes, or infected skin, or body fluids from those lesions through respiratory droplets, oropharynx and saliva, anorectum, semen, urine, and ocular fluid [ 111 , 112 ].…”

Section: Mpv Surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The unexpected rise in the MPV cases suggests the prevalence rate of infection in humans; therefore, it is important to study different approaches to prevent and control the global occurrence of the disease. Branda et al built the EpiMPX surveillance system for researchers and policymakers to observe the epidemic trends of MPV in Europe and Italy [ 110 ]. Infectious disease dynamics can be tracked from a community level to a building level using wastewater from surface waters, sewers, wastewater treatment plants, or point sources [ 114 , 115 ].…”

Section: Mpv Surveillancementioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of monkeypox: a worldwide public health crisis

et al. 2023

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The human monkeypox virus (MPV), a zoonotic illness that was hitherto solely prevalent in Central and West Africa, has lately been discovered to infect people all over the world and has become a major threat to global health. Humans unintentionally contract this zoonotic orthopoxvirus, which resembles smallpox, when they come into contact with infected animals. Studies show that the illness can also be transferred through frequent proximity, respiratory droplets, and household linens such as towels and bedding. However, MPV infection does not presently have a specified therapy. Smallpox vaccinations provide cross-protection against MPV because of antigenic similarities. Despite scant knowledge of the genesis, epidemiology, and ecology of the illness, the incidence and geographic distribution of monkeypox outbreaks have grown recently. Polymerase chain reaction technique on lesion specimens can be used to detect MPV. Vaccines like ACAM2000, vaccinia immune globulin intravenous (VIG-IV), and JYNNEOS (brand name: Imvamune or Imvanex) as well as FDA-approved antiviral medications such as brincidofovir (brand name: Tembexa), tecovirimat (brand name: TPOXX or ST-246), and cidofovir (brand name: Vistide) are used as therapeutic medications against MPV. In this overview, we provide an outline of the MPV’s morphology, evolution, mechanism, transmission, diagnosis, preventative measures, and therapeutic approaches. This study offers the fundamental information required to prevent and manage any further spread of this emerging virus.

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Monkeypox: EpiMPX Surveillance System and Open Data with a Special Focus on European and Italian Epidemic

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Monkeypox: Early estimation of basic reproduction number R₀ in Europe

Monkeypox: Early estimation of basic reproduction number R₀ in Europe

Mpox: An Overview of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Public Health Implications

Emergence of monkeypox: a worldwide public health crisis

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Monkeypox: EpiMPX Surveillance System and Open Data with a Special Focus on European and Italian Epidemic

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Monkeypox: Early estimation of basic reproduction number R0 in Europe

Monkeypox: Early estimation of basic reproduction number R0 in Europe

Mpox: An Overview of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Public Health Implications

Emergence of monkeypox: a worldwide public health crisis

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Monkeypox: Early estimation of basic reproduction number R₀ in Europe

Monkeypox: Early estimation of basic reproduction number R₀ in Europe