Monitoring the chipping and transportation of wood fuels with a fleet management system

Holzleitner, Franz; Kanzian, Christian; Höller, Norbert

doi:10.14214/sf.899

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This is particularly prevalent with stump fuel wood . According to Holzleitner et al (2013), reducing moisture content from 45% to 37% improves the productivity of chip trucks by 9% at a transport distance of 55 km.…”

Section: Fuel Quality Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mainly because of relatively long distances between feedstock and CHP plant and high chipping efficiency, these were not favourable for the chipper and two chip truck system and caused a high share of waiting time for the chipper. To compare the share of comminution time on the operating time with mobile chippers, earlier studies (Spinelli & Wisser 2009, Holzleitner et al 2013, Eliasson et al 2012, Asikainen 1995, Eriksson et al 2014a, Laitila et al 2010and Metsäalan… 2013 have presented higher rates for chipping by mobile chippers. Spinelli & Wisser (2009) found 73.8% chipping rate in the studied forest chip supply system, whereas Holzleitner et al resulted 49% in their study in Austria.…”

Section: Operational Efficiency and Monetary Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developing forest chips supply chains by redesigning supply operations and logistics

Väätäinen¹

2018

Diss. For.

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3Väätäinen K. (2018). Developing forest chips supply chains by redesigning supply operations and logistics. Dissertationes Forestales 250. 75p. https://doi.org/10.14214/df.250 ABSTRACTThe overall aim of the thesis was to design efficient supply chain setups in the selected supply environments by enhancing overall supply system performance, decreasing supply costs and improving year-round working opportunities by taking fuel properties through the supply chain into account. The supply chain re-engineering approach has been used with a narrowed focus, where logistics and inventory, material handling and delivery of forest chips to heat and power plant as well as the customer's desideratum have been considered. The studied supply chains were all based on the transportation of forest biomass as chipped from roadside storage locations either directly to power plant or via terminal or inland waterway harbour to power plant by chip truck or a combination of barge and chip truck.Discrete event simulation was selected as a study method due to the characteristics of the forest chip supply chains including the high level of interactions between system elements and the specific characteristics of the supply environment. The data required for the model development and models' parameter input values were acquired from the available data of the real system and from the literature.To enhance the performance of the forest chip supply chain from roadside storage locations to end-use facilities, the following results and conclusions were obtained: 1) Rearrangements in the set-up of fuel reception stations and the logistics of fuel truck reception at the power plant as well as adaptive shift scheduling of trucks resulted in a notable decrease in the waiting times of fuel trucks at the power plant's fuel reception. 2) Forest chip supply from roadside storage locations highly encourages the use of storage area location and quality information for smart material allocation to achieve a higher energy output with lower supply costs, especially when the demand for fuel is at its highest.3) By introducing a feed-in terminal for forest chip supply, cost compensation for additional terminal-driven costs can be gained through a higher annual capacity utilisation of a fuel supply fleet and more secured fuel supply to power plants by decreasing the need for supplemental fuel, which can be more expensive at times when fuel demand is at its highest. Terminal-aided forest chip supply facilitates smoother working throughout the year in the chipping and transporting of forest chips, thus offering more stable working opportunities than a conventional direct supply of forest chips. 4) Inland waterway areas with existing waterway infrastructure and close connections to biomass resources and enduse facilities can offer a cost-competitive and supplemental method for the long distance transport of forest chips. Reshaping the conventional fleet used for waterway transport and restructuring the logistics of waterway transportation together with harbour ope...

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Section: Fuel Quality Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Operational Efficiency and Monetary Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing forest chips supply chains by redesigning supply operations and logistics

Väätäinen¹

2018

Diss. For.

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“…Moreover, grinders offer a rather coarse product that is unsuitable for use in some smaller plants (Hakkila 1989;Strelher 2000;Rinne 2010;Eriksson et al 2013). Currently, roadside chipping is the dominant chipping system in Finland and Sweden as well as in other European countries (Junginger et al 2005;Stampfer and Kanzian 2006;Kärhä 2011;Eriksson et al 2013;Holzleitner et al 2013;Rottensteiner et al 2013;Routa et al 2013;Wolfsmayr and Rauch 2014;Eliasson et al 2015). Large disc chippers or drum chippers are used on terminals for chipping large-sized stemwood, while drum chippers dominate the chipping of logging residues and small trees on landings in Finland (Kärhä 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tractor-powered units are also cheaper to acquire and easier to resell in sections than truck-mounted chippers , but tractor-powered units cannot relocate between worksites as quickly as truck-mounted units, and chipping productivity is lower Spinelli and Magagnotti 2014). The chipper's engine power and the grapple load size in feeding are the two most important elements that affect chipping productivity (Spinelli and Hartsough 2001;Van Belle 2006;Spinelli and Magagnotti 2010;Ghaffariyan et al 2013) if operational delays are excluded (Spinelli and Visser 2009;Holzleitner et al 2013;Spinelli and Magagnotti 2014). Evidently, truck-mounted chippers are most suited to contractors with large annual chipping volumes and wide procurement areas, whereas tractorpowered chippers are interesting options for contractors who work locally.…”

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confidence: 99%

Performance of a small and a medium sized professional chippers and the impact of storage time on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stem wood chips characteristics

Laitila¹,

Routa²

2015

Silva Fenn.

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Performance of a small and a medium sized professional chippers and the impact of storage time on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stem wood chips characteristics Laitila J., Routa J. (2015). Performance of a small and a medium sized professional chippers and the impact of storage time on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stem wood chips characteristics. Silva Fennica vol. 49 no. 5 article id 1382. 19 p. Highlights• The storage time of pulpwood had no significant effect on particle size distribution in any chip size classes.• The study confirms the knowledge that chipping time consumption is inversely proportional to engine power and grapple load size in feeding.• The use of an narrower 80 mm × 80 mm sieve on Scots pine material does not seem to offer any benefit compared to a 100 mm × 100 mm sieve from the perspective of chip quality. AbstractThe primary aim of this study was to clarify the chipping productivity and fuel consumption of tractor-powered and truck-mounted drum chippers when chipping pine pulpwood at a terminal. The secondary aim was to evaluate the impact of wood storage time on the chemical and physical technical specifications of wood chips by chipping pulpwood from eight different storage time groups, using Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) pulpwood stems logged between 2 and 21 months previously at the terminal with the above-mentioned chippers. Thirdly, the impact of sieve mesh size on the particle size distribution of wood chips from different age groups was compared by using an 80 mm × 80 mm sieve for a tractor-powered chipper and a 100 mm × 100 mm sieve for a truck-mounted chipper. With both chippers, the chipping productivity grew as a function of grapple load weight. The average chipping productivity of the tractor-powered chipper unit was 19 508 kg (dry mass) per effective hour (E 0 h), and for the truck-mounted chipper the average productivity was 31 184 kg E 0 h -1 . The tractor-powered drum chipper's fuel consumption was 3.1 litres and for the truck-mounted chipper 3.3 litres per chipped 1000 kg (dry mass). The amount of extractives or volatiles did not demonstrate any statistically significant differences between storage time groups. The particle size distributions with both chippers were quite uniform, and the storage time of pulpwood did not have a significant effect on the particle size distribution in any chip size classes. One reason for this might be that the basic density of chipped wood was homogenous and there was no statistical difference between different storage times. The use of new sharp knives is likely to have affected chip quality, as witnessed by the absence of oversized particles and the moderate presence of fines. The use of narrower 80 mm × 80 mm sieves on Scots pine material does not seem to offer any benefit compared to 100 mm × 100 mm from the chip quality point of view.2 Silva Fennica vol. 49 no. 5 article id 1382 · Laitila et al. · Performance of a small and a medium sized…

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“…Several forest technology studies have noted that interactions leading to waiting and queuing result in increased costs (e.g. Asikainen 1995;Talbot et al 2003;Väätäinen et al 2005;Spinelli and Visser 2009;An and Searcy 2010;Asikainen 2010;Holzleitner et al 2013;Belbo and Talbot 2014;Eriksson 2014a;Eriksson 2014b). For example, in the cost of comminution and transportation, the bias varies between 10-20% (Asikainen 1995;Asikainen 2010), depending on the transportation distance if the interactions of comminution and transportation capacity are not considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cost competitiveness of conifer stumps in the procurement of forest chips for fuel in Southern and Northern Finland

Laitila¹,

Ranta²,

Asikainen³

et al. 2015

Silva Fenn.

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• Pre-grinding and integrated screening is a way of guaranteeing fuel quality, but, when the stumps' ash content is six per cent or below, the procurement costs are higher than with grinding of stumps at the plant. Because of high transportation costs, stump harvesting is the most profitable in Southern Finland, where there is greater availability of stumps than in Northern Finland. AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate cost competitiveness, at regional level, of various systems for stump transportation and grinding, and to compare the results to the procurement costs of delimbed stems from early thinnings at the stand and regional level. The accumulation and procurement costs of stumps and delimbed stems were estimated within a 100-kilometer radius from two power plants located in Kouvola and in Kajaani. The analyses were performed as simulated treatments in clear cuts and thinnings of young stands, using existing productivity and cost functions, alternative ash percentages for stump wood, and yield calculations based on the forest industry regeneration felling stand data and the sample plots data of the National Forest Inventory of Finland. The results were expressed as Euros per solid cubic meter (€ m -3 ) and Euros per megawatt hour (€ MWh -1 ).The results highlight the need to improve stump fuel quality and increase the heating value. The procurement cost of stumps was about 1 € MWh -1 lower in Kouvola compared to Kajaani, when using conceivable ash content of 6% for stumps ground at the plant, and ash content of 1.5% for stumps pre-ground at the roadside landing. The procurement costs of stumps were, on average, 0.55 € MWh -1 lower compared to delimbed stems in Kouvola, and on average 0.6 € MWh -1 higher in Kajaani. Pre-grinding and integrated screening is a feasible way to guarantee the fuel quality expressed as ash content already at roadside landings, but the procurement costs are higher compared to grinding stumps at the plant, when the ash content of ground stumps is 6% or less.

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Monitoring the chipping and transportation of wood fuels with a fleet management system

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Developing forest chips supply chains by redesigning supply operations and logistics

Developing forest chips supply chains by redesigning supply operations and logistics

Performance of a small and a medium sized professional chippers and the impact of storage time on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stem wood chips characteristics

The cost competitiveness of conifer stumps in the procurement of forest chips for fuel in Southern and Northern Finland

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