Monitoring of selected veterinary antibiotics in environmental compartments near a composting facility in Gangwon Province, Korea

Abstract

Many studies have been recently reported that veterinary antibiotics released into the environment have a detrimental effect on humans such as the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, only limited information is available regarding to the release of antibiotics in environmental compartments in Korea. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the concentrations of antibiotics in water, sediment, and soil adjacent to a composting facility in Korea and to determine the dilution effects of antibiotics when released into the environment. Seven antibiotics of chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfathiazole, and tylosin were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry following pretreatment using solid-phase extraction to clean the samples. Results showed that the highest concentration of each antibiotic in both aqueous and solid samples was detected from a site adjacent to the composting facility. We also found that the studied water, sediment, and soil samples are contaminated by veterinary antibiotics throughout comparison with studies from other countries. However, relatively lower concentrations of each antibiotic were observed from the rice paddy soil located at the bottom of the water stream. Further research is necessary to continuously monitor the antibiotics release into ecosystems, thereby developing an environmental risk assessment.

Necessary Usage of Antibiotics in Animals

“…Recent reports showed that sulfonamides and chloramphenicol could easily reach ground water, while fluoroquinolones could not leach. The reports added that in most areas of intensive livestock breeding, the source of contamination mainly attributed to irrigation with sewage [12,16]. The uptake and accumulation of antibiotics into edible plants is commonly initiated when expose to contaminated soil with considerable concentrations of the drugs over time as confirmed by several studies [59][60][61][62][63].…”

“…Regarding antibiotic feed additives, they are poorly absorbed in the gut, so the great portion of such antibiotic additives will take their way into animal secretions such as feces and urine leading to contamination of soil and environment [10][11][12]. So, the routine use of antibiotics as growth promoters is no longer recommended.…”

Development of Simultaneous Analytical Method of Veterinary Antibiotics in Manure using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…, · , , (Choi et al, 2008;Lim et al, 2009;Lee et al, 2010;Ok et al, 2011;Kim et al, 2012;Lim et al ., 2014). Borekaert (2011) Seo (2007) penicillin tetracycline (Seo et al, 2007;Broekaert et al ., 2011).…”

Monitoring of Veterinary Antibiotics in Agricultural Soils using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

“…또한 토양 외의 환경에서 잔류하는 항생제도 내성균을 생성하여 인간과 가축에게 피해를 줄 수 있다 (Son et al, 2008). 최근 들어 가축용 항생제는 농경지, 퇴·액비, 수질 등에서 다양한 연구가 진행되고 있다 (Choi et al, 2008;Lim et al, 2009;Lee et al, 2010;Ok et al, 2011;Kim et al, 2012;Lim et al, 2014) 추출법과 LC-MS/MS를 이용한 연구결과도 있다 (Xu et al, 2015). 그러나 토양 중 가축용 항생제 6종 tetracycline계 (chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline), penicillin 계 (amoxicillin, ampicillin), fluoroquinolone (enrofloxacin) Matrix effect (%) = (slope of matrix-matched calibration curve/slope of non-matrix matched calibration curve)×100 (Fig.…”