Antibiotic extraction from solid matrices is generally complicated unlike aqueous phases. Consequently, increasing the extraction efficiency of antibiotics from solid matrices has received a great concern. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to determine three macrolide antibiotics; tylosin (TYL), spiramycin (SPIR), and erythromycin (ERY) in buffaloes' meat using the recommended method of thin-layer chromatography-bioautography (TLC-B) after some modifications. Antibiotics were extracted by 0.2% metaphosphoric acid-methanol (6:4, v/v), and then the extracts were cleaned up using an Oasis HLB cartridges (200 mg). The recovery ratios at 0.5, 1, and 2 maximum residue limits (MRLs) with high precision were 84.19-92.22%, 83.09-89.42%, and 84.89-90.28%, respectively. The detection limits were 12, 45, and 2 ng g -1 for TYL, SPIR, and ERY, respectively. Forty-five samples of Egyptian buffaloes' meat were analyzed using the adapted method. Only 9 and 5 samples out of the 45 samples were positive for TYL and ERY, respectively, with mean concentrations of 42.59 and 31.21 (ng g -1 ) which were lower than the permitted MRLs recommended by the European community.
Animals could become sick at any time of their lives, just like all people exposed. Many of the antibiotics administered to animals are identical to or closely drugs used in human. All animal species in general and food-producing animals, in particular, are commonly exposed to antibiotics to treat and prevent infectious diseases or to promote growth. Antibiotics would not be necessary if animals were raised differently under good veterinary and husbandry practices that were less crowded and more sanitary. The proper and responsible use of antibiotics in veterinary medicine mandate an active cooperation between all the interested parties involved in livestock production cycles. All parties are invited to act together to ensure the ultimate goals of maintaining the efficacy and safety of veterinary antibiotics and complying the established maximum residue limits (MRLs) of the products of animal origin intended for human consumption. Antibiotics as hazardous substances should be applied and directed during the different steps starting from prescription until ensuring the withdrawal period under the supervision of professionals and veterinarians. Practices indicated that there is a need to improve sensitivity testing services and facilities before prescribing the proper antibiotic.
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