Monitoring of pesticide residues in a cotton crop soil

Abstract

This paper reports on the residues of methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate), trifluralin (alpha, alpha, alpha-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine), endosulfan [(1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7-hexachloro-8, 9, 10-trinorborn-5-en-2, 3-ylenebismethylene) sulfite] and dimethoate (O, O-dimethyl S-methylcarbamoylmethyl phosphorodithioate) in a cotton crop soil. Soil samples (0-15 cm) were collected at different periods from the cotton crop farm and subjected to Soxhlet extraction. The extracted material was analysed after clean-up by a HP5890 II gas chromatograph equipped with a 63Ni electron-capture detector (ECD-63Ni) and fitted with a 25 m x 0.2 mm i.d. fused silica capillary column [Ultra-2 (5% phenylmethyl polysiloxane)]. The recoveries of the pesticide residues from the spiked control soil were determined after Soxhlet extraction and C18 cartridges clean-up by using radiotracer techniques with the corresponding 14C-pesticides. The results show that in the cotton crop soil the pesticide residues under study were present in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 mg.kg-1. Endosulfan was found to be rapidly degraded in the soil and formed a sulfate metabolite.

Endosulfan Exposure Disrupts Pheromonal Systems in the Red-Spotted Newt: A Mechanism for Subtle Effects of Environmental Chemicals

“…Six other steroids showed no cross-reactivity. Standards ranged from between 0.98 and 1,000 pg/tube, and all tubes were incubated in 5,000 cpm [2,4,6,7,16, H]estradiol (Amersham Life Science, Buckinghamshire, UK). Serial dilutions of extracted plasma showed parallelism with a standard curve.…”

“…It is used on a wide variety of crops including tea, coffee, cotton, fruits, and vegetables, as well as on rice, cereals, maize, or other grains (5). Several studies reported the presence of endosulfan in cotton crop soils [0.1-0.4 mg/kg (6)] and estuaries [0. .0 µg/L (7)], and relatively high residual levels have been found in some marketed fruits such as Brazilian strawberries and tomatoes [4-510 ppb (8)].…”

Environmental Fate Considerations for Pesticides in Tropical Ecosystems

“…Residues in Sonsonate soil samples averaged 7.14 mg-kg" 1 , while in Ahuachapan, one sample contained as much as 16.47 mg-kg" 1 paraquat [15]. Tatui soils from Sao Paulo State, Brazil, contained trifluraline residues of 1.2 mg-kg" 1 six weeks after application also methyl parathion residues up to 2 mg-kg" 1 [16]. Reports on residues of newer pesticides in soil are rare.…”

Olfactory and sexual attractiveness of western mosquitofish (gambusia affinis) exposed to the commonly used insecticide endosulfan

“…It is primarily used on a wide variety of crops including tea, coffee, cotton, fruits, and vegetables, as well as on rice, cereals, maize, or other grains. Several studies reported the presence of endosulfan in cotton crop soils (0.1-0.4 mg/kg; Luchini et al, 2000) and estuaries (0.5-4.0 ug/L; Fox and Matthiessen, 1982), and relative^ high residual levels have been found in some marketed fruits such as Brazilian strawberries and tomatoes (4-510 ppb endosulfan; Araujo et al, 1999). These reports indicate that endosulfan exposure can occur in both human and wildlife populations.…”