Monitoring of Dynamic Processes during Detection of Cardiac Biomarkers Using Silicon Nanowire Field‐Effect Transistors

Abstract

Numerous sensitive nanobiosensors are reported for various bioassay applications as a result of the development of materials science and nanotechnology. Among these sensors, nanowire (NW) field‐effect transistors (FETs) represent one of the most promising practical biosensors for ultrasensitive clinical diagnostic tools. Most studies mainly focus on how to achieve a lower detection limit but pay less attention to the long settling time effect for the detection of very small concentrations of molecules in a solution. In this study, single silicon NW FETs with long‐term stability is fabricated to investigate the settling time process at small concentrations of cardiac biomarkers relevant to myocardial diseases. It is found that the settling time strongly depends on the type of molecule, its charge state and analyte concentrations. For low concentrations, the time for measurement signals to settle down is relatively long. Therefore, it is essential to understand the settling time effect in Si NW FET‐based biosensing processes to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the detection signal. An alternative approach is demonstrated to circumvent the long measurement time by utilizing reaction kinetics parameters for the fast determination of low‐concentration detection, which also benefits the optimal balance between suitable detection time and reliable detection results.

Infection-Mediated Clinical Biomarkers for a COVID-19 Electrical Biosensing Platform

“…The sensor exhibited an LOD of 85 pM, with a concentration-dependent range of 0.01–10 µg/mL for CRP detection in PBS. In another work, Li et al [ 64 ] implemented a silicon nanowire with a 200-nanometer width and 4-micrometer length as a transducing channel for FET-based cardiac biomarker sensing. This work focused on investigating the settling time involved in biosensing applications, particularly at a low concentration of CRP.…”

“… ( A ) Electrochemical biosensors: ( a ) origami paper-based sensing of CRP (reprinted with permission from [ 59 ]), ( b ) interdigitated wave-shaped microelectrode-based impedimetric sensor (reprinted from [ 60 ]), ( c ) electrochemical sensing of CRP with ferrocene thiol-coated gold electrode (reprinted from [ 61 ]), and ( d ) sandwich-type sensor with nanohybrid materials for CRP detection (reproduced from [ 62 ]). ( B ) Electronic biosensors: ( a ) PAMAM-modified CNT-based FET (reprinted with permission from [ 63 ]), ( b ) nanowire-based FET (reprinted from [ 64 ]), and ( c ) nanocomposite-based FET for CRP detection (reprinted with permission from [ 65 ]). …”

Process Variability in Top-Down Fabrication of Silicon Nanowire-Based Biosensor Arrays

“…More importantly, it should be easy to use and disposable [ 1 ]. Biosensors based on silicon nanowire field-effect transistors (SiNW-FET) are amongst the most promising candidates for future clinical POCT diagnostic technology due to their low limit-of-detection (LoD), the possibility for multiplexing, and label-free sensing [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. As illustrated in Figure 1 , the SiNW-FET is used for versatile applications ranging from sensing of ions and biomolecular detection, action potential recording.…”

Boosting the Performance of Liquid‐Gated Nanotransistor Biosensors Using Single‐Trap Phenomena

“…[ 9–11 ] In particular, the continuous downscaling of device dimensions has led to the introduction of new generations of sensors based on nanoscale field‐effect transistor (FET) structures. [ 12–16 ] Such nanoscale sensor devices, which are very similar to mass‐production state‐of‐the‐art semiconductor transistors, enable faster, more compact, more accurate, and more cost‐effective biological [ 11,17,18 ] and chemical [ 12,14,19 ] detection. However, along with these advantages, minimizing the dimensions of the biosensor to the nanoscale also facilitates new challenges in terms of determining the conditions for improved performance and sensitivity of the sensors.…”