Air analysis 3.7.2 Developments in other inorganic mass 1.1 Sample collection and pretreatment spectrometric techniques 1.2 Instrumental analysis 3.8 Developments in X-ray fluorescence spectrometry 1.2.1 Atomic absorption and atomic emission 3.9 Developments in X-ray absorption spectrometry spectrometry Table 3 Summary of analyses of soils, plants and 1.2.2 Atomic fluorescence spectrometry related materials 1.2.3 X-ray fluorescence spectrometry 4 Analysis of geological materials 1.2.4 Mass spectrometry -HClO 4 -HF mixture. Working range of the method was 50-500 mg. LOD 125 mg m−3. Spiked recoveries in the range 98-102% were obtained Hg Rural air AF;CV;G Gas phase HgII collected on KCl coated denuder tubes (described ), desorbed with 1 HCl prior to analysis. Denuder tube showed 98% collection efficiency and did not trap elemental Hg. Concentrations in air were found to be 0.040.15 ng m−3 Hg Ambient air AFS;CV;S Comparison of methods for sampling and analysis of particulates undertaken Hg Urban air AF;CV;S Total particulate mercury ( TPM ) determined using a combined particulate trap/ pyrolyzer based instrument. TPM levels in metropolitan Toronto determined to be in the range 3-91 pg m−3. Preliminary measurements in the Arctic Circle indicated that atmospheric Hg transferred from the gas to particulate phase, as a result of surface ozone depletion chemistry Hg Air AF;-;G Portable instrument with bispiral gold collector developed and evaluated. Calibration using a syringe technique (saturated Hg vapour). Analytical range 1-10 000 ng m−3; LOD 1 pg; precision 5% at 500 pg level Hg Flue gas AF;-;G Commercial AF system with gold amalgamation collector adapted for continuous emission monitoring Hg Exhaled air AF;-;G Commercial AF system with gold amalgamation collection based system adapted for breath sampling Kr Atmospheric MS;-;G Kr81 measured using mass spectrometric techniques samples Pb Ultrafine aerosols AE;F;S Differential mobility particle sizer used to segregate particle sizes. Air-acetylene AF;laser;S flame and LIP used as atomization sources. AE system with a CCD detector also used Pb Ultrafine aerosols AE;F;S See ref. 18 AF;laser;S Pb Street dust MS;ICP;L Total and isotope ratios measured in street dust collected in Manchester and AA;ETA;L Paris. Differences in concentrations and ratios discussed Pb Coal fly-ash AA;ETA;Sl Ground sample mixed with xanthan gum in dilute nitric acid. Suspension subsequently analysed Pb Indoor air AA;ETA;S,Sl Filter cut with a paper punch and a 3 mm diameter disc introduced into the furnace. Fine particles passing through the filter during collection were collected in a dilute HNO 3 solution. Cation exchange fibre was added and the slurry fibre introduced into the furnace Po Airborne RIMS;-;S Chemical isolation from sample followed by electrolytic deposition as hydroxide particulate on a Ta backing which is covered with a Ti layer. By heating the metallic sandwich an atom beam of Po atoms can be produced. LOD 106-107 atoms Pt Airborne MS;ICP;L Methodology explored; limitations ...