Monitoring Ocean Concentrations of Aromatic Hydrocarbons From Produced Formation Water Discharges to Bass Strait, Australia

Abstract

Previous assessment of dispersion modelling, toxicity testing, and characterisation of produced formation water (PFW) discharges into Bass Strait indicated a very low environmental risk from PFW to the marine environment. Peak PFW concentrations can exceed the effect levels (ECs0 or LC50) measured in 24-96 hr laboratory toxicity tests only within distances of tens of metres from the discharge point. In this assessment, the field monitoring of aromatic hydrocarbons in the water column (which are in low concentrations in PFW) was undertaken to directly assess dispersion and predicted fate mechanisms.Very low concentrations of both light and heavier aromatic hydrocarbons are likely in any PFW discharge. A high volume absorption sampler was deployed 20 m from the discharge point to continuously sample ocean concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons for up to one week, providing large volume (1,000 L) water samples. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) was used to measure aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations.The concentrations measured with the ocean sampling device provide time integrated samples over approximately one week, and the results showed that the ratio of discharge concentration to ocean concentration was approximately 20,000:1.Compared to dispersion modelling predictions, the ocean sampler indicates lower environmental risk. This is because dispersion modelling predicts ocean concentrations within the plume whereas the sampler is measuring concentrations at a fixed point over the long term and is exposed to the plume only intermittently, similar to a sessile marine organism. Therefore the ocean concentrations provided by the large volume sampler are more representative of longer term ocean concentrations which can be experienced by marine organisms.Further assessment of prevailing operational and oceanographic conditions in Bass Strait suggests that there does not appear to be a water column accumulation of PFW aromatic hydrocarbons adjacent to the discharge.

Environmental Fate And Effect Of Contaminants In Produced Water

“…The sampling device provided timeintegrated samples over approximately one week, and the results showed that the ratio between concentration of PAH at the sampling point to that in the discharge was 1:20,000 (25).…”

Produced Water Regulatory Requirements Offshore Australia

“…The social and economic significance of effect can be considered in terms of impact on conservation values, recreational or commercial fishing, tourism, and the benefit to the community of the petroleum activity. If spatial scale of the effect was limited to the immediate area around an offshore facility and the significance of the effect was considered to be low, then the risk is likely to be acceptable (Terrens and Tait, 1996). Conversely, if the spatial scale of the effect was widespread and the survival or reproductive capacity of marine organisms significantly reduced, then the risk is likely to be considered unacceptable survival of those populations would be at risk.…”