The acute and chronic effects of wastes associated with offshore oil and gas production on temperate and tropical marine ecological processes

Holdway, Douglas A.

doi:10.1016/s0025-326x(01)00197-7

Cited by 146 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…A number of mechanisms may operate to impact a given biological community, including chemical toxicity, organic enrichment and physical interference from particles in suspension (Patin 1999, Cranford 2004). An increasing amount of ecotoxicology experiments have been published that research the chemical toxicity of drilling wastes for various organisms in laboratory experiments (see review by Holdway 2002). However, it is generally not possible in the laboratory to investigate and understand the responses of whole ecosystems over the actual time and spatial scales involved, and it is essential that more holistic and field-based research programmes also be employed to understand ecosystem-level impacts.…”

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confidence: 99%

Discharged drilling waste from oil and gas platforms and its effects on benthic communities

Ellis

Fraser²,

Russell³

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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This review paper identifies the main effects of oil and gas drilling waste on benthic environments. We identified 26 papers and technical reports that surveyed sediment samples from 72 production or exploration platform sites to assess the zone of influence of sediment contamination and biological effects on benthic communities. While oil-based fluids are now rarely used in the marine context, their release has had large-scale (out to 6 km) and persistent (decadal time scale) impacts on benthic communities. The zone of influence of water-based drilling fluids as determined by sediment barium concentration was larger (2 to 20 km) than for synthetic-based fluids (200 to 2000 m). The zone of biological effects on benthic community diversity and abundance ranged from 100 to 1000 m for both water and synthetic fluids. Effects include changes in benthic species diversity, abundance and alterations to community structure. Functional changes included a loss of suspension-feeding species and increases in deposit feeders and polychaetes. In general, this review demonstrates a loss of benthic biodiversity and suspension-feeding communities due to oil exploration and production and the potential for large-scale effects on sensitive communities such as deep-sea, coral and vegetated habitats. Current research gaps and priorities are identified.KEY WORDS: Benthic community composition · Chemical toxicity · Organic enrichment · Suspended sediments · Oil-based fluids · Synthetic-based fluids · Water-based fluids Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 456: [285][286][287][288][289][290][291][292][293][294][295][296][297][298][299][300][301][302] 2012 charged directly at sea. The third step includes the installation of a blow-out preventer on top of the wellhead which controls formation pressures. Additionally, a marine riser is installed that allows all drilling fluids and cuttings to be pumped up through the riser and back to the oil platform or drilling ship. The remaining sections of the well are then drilled to reach the oil reserve.Drill cuttings are produced by the grinding action of the drill bit and range in size from clay-sized particles to coarse gravel, having a mineralogy reflecting that of the drilled strata (Neff 1987, 2005, Trannum et al. 2010. Drilling muds lubricate the drill string, bring up cuttings from the well hole, control internal pressure and stabilize the well and constitute 5 to 25% of the discharged drill fluids (Trannum et al. 2010).There are 3 main types of drilling mud: oil-based, synthetic and water-based fluids (OBF, SBF, WBF). In oil-based mud, the dominant fluid is a mineral oil; in synthetic mud it is ester, ether, acetyl or olefin; and in water-based mud, fresh or salt water is used. Drilling muds also contain a weighting material, clay or an organic polymer, various inorganic salts, solids and organic additives (Neff 2005). Barite (BaSO 4 ) has been the most frequently used weighting material. More recently, ilmenite (FeTi...

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confidence: 99%

Discharged drilling waste from oil and gas platforms and its effects on benthic communities

Ellis

Fraser²,

Russell³

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The type of waste from oil and gas industry are produced formation water (PFW), drilling fluid chemicals; oil and water based drilling muds and cuttings, crude oil from extraction process, drilling muds (sludge) and the toxic gas released from the manufacturing [29]. Operational discharges of these wastes are continuous source of contaminants to continental shelf ecosystem.…”

Section: Environmental Impact From Petroleum Waste In Malaysiamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review in Oil Exploration and Production Waste Discharges According to Legislative and Waste Management Practices Perspective in Malaysia

Lodungi¹,

Alfred²,

Khirulthzam³

et al. 2017

Int J Waste Resour

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IntroductionOil and gas are one of the most important resources in the world and it plays a role in the global economy. However, the activities of oil and gas from most of companies in the world have many negative impacts on the environment. One of the reasons is due to the waste production from the oil and gas industry. According to Environmental Quality Act 1974, waste can be defined as any matter prescribed to be waste and any matter, whether liquid, solid, gaseous or radioactive, which is discharged, emitted, or deposited in the environment in such volume, composition or manner as to cause an alteration of the environment. The exploration and extraction of oil and gas processes produce the waste materials such as used drilling fluids and drilling cuttings like complex mixtures of clays and chemicals. Usually the waste is discharged directly from the platforms into the surrounding marine water.Based on the standard procedure, the waste has to clean first before discharge the waste into the marine water by various physical means and the company has to follow the limits on levels of contaminants based on the regulations and legislations. If the disposal of these wastes is not regulated, the resulting environmental pollution may lead to radiation exposure, whether for people directly involved in oil and gas operations, the general public, animals and plants. There are several potential adverse impacts to the marine water due to disposal of wastes. For example is it can pollute of the marine environment, surface soil and water degradation and groundwater contamination?In general, this paper provides an overview on the oil exploration and production waste discharges according to legislative and waste management practices perspective in Malaysia and the study of the effect of the waste produced from the oil and gas industry to the environment. The scopes of the study are covered by several sections as follows: the oil exploration and production waste discharges, waste management in oil and gas waste products, the regulations and legislations act related to oil and gas in Malaysia and the possible environment impact due to disposal of wastes to marine water. Literature ReviewOil exploration and production waste discharges AbstractThe core frame of research is dominated by the waste management practice of the oil exploration and production waste discharges from Malaysia's petroleum industry related to legislation. As the waste harms the environment, the composition and possible environmental impact of the waste produced from the offshore drilling process activities are studied. This research will lead to a better waste management practices framework which comply Malaysia's legislation and regulation act. In this study, the biggest issues that limits the waste management practices in petroleum industry in Malaysia is lacking of practices on petroleum waste management. The main difference between waste management practices between Asian and African countries is the African country has more utilization of waste into us...

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“…Produced water consists of dissolved solids, bacteria, organic compounds, suspended solid and radioactive materials (Isehunwa and Onova, 2011). It is assumed that 7500 -11,500 tonnes hydrocarbon is released to the environment yearly as a result of formation water discharges worldwide (Holdway, 2002). Considering the large volume of estimated hydrocarbon released worldwide to the en-vironment as a result of formation water discharges, this could alter the natural state of the environment which may lead to different forms of environmental problems.…”

Section: Water Discharged In the Niger Deltamentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Impact of Produced Water and Driiling Waste Discharges from the Niger Delta Petroleum Industry

Gazali¹,

Alkali²,

Mohammed³

et al. 2017

IOSR JEN

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The acute and chronic effects of wastes associated with offshore oil and gas production on temperate and tropical marine ecological processes

Cited by 146 publications

References 119 publications

Discharged drilling waste from oil and gas platforms and its effects on benthic communities

Discharged drilling waste from oil and gas platforms and its effects on benthic communities

A Review in Oil Exploration and Production Waste Discharges According to Legislative and Waste Management Practices Perspective in Malaysia

Environmental Impact of Produced Water and Driiling Waste Discharges from the Niger Delta Petroleum Industry

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