Molecularly imprinted polymer‐based solid phase clean‐up for analysis of ochratoxin A in beer, red wine, and grape juice

Abstract

A simple, reliable, and low-cost method based on molecularly imprinted polymer as a selective sorbent of SPE was proposed for the determination of ochratoxin A (OTA) in beer, red wine, and grape juice by HPLC coupled with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). Samples were diluted with water and cleaned up with an AFFINIMIP® SPE OTA column. After washing and eluting, the analyte was analyzed by HPLC-FLD. Under the optimized conditions, LOD and LOQ for OTA were 0.025 and 0.08 ng/mL, respectively. The recoveries of OTA from beer, red wine, and grape spiked at 0.1, 2, and 5 ng/mL ranged from 91.6 to 101.7%. Furthermore, after a simple regenerated procedure, the molecularly imprinted polymer based SPE column could be reused at least 14 times to achieve more than 80% recoveries of OTA in real samples. The developed method was applied to the detection of 30 beer, red wine, and grape juice samples and only four samples were contaminated by OTA with levels below the legal limits.

Design of a Molecularly Imprinted Stir-Bar for Isolation of Patulin in Apple and LC-MS/MS Detection

“…However, the diverse drawbacks of this method (poor stability of patulin under alkaline extraction, poor resolution between patulin and co-extracted hydroxymethylfurfural) have originated interest in alternative options, such as LC methods coupled to mass spectrometry [1]. In the last years, purification with molecularly imprinted polymers and magnetic materials started to be used and they are becoming promising materials in analytical chemistry and, more specifically, in mycotoxins determination [7,8,12,13]. Imprinted polymers have also showed potential for detoxification purposes in large-scale environmental applications [14].…”

Exposure to ochratoxin A through consumption of grape juices produced by steam distillation method and intended for school meals

“…CAO et al (2013) found OTA in 30% of Chinese grape juice samples in levels ranging from 0.26 to 0.54μg L -1 . A greater number of juice samples containing OTA was reported by LEE et al (2012).…”

“…The studies about the occurrence of OTA in Brazilian juices are incipient. Literature data are mainly related to juice produced by enzymatic method (also called as Welch) (ZIMERLI E DICK, 1996;ROSA et al, 2004;SHUNDO et al, 2006;LEE et al, 2012;CAO et al, 2013).…”

Occurrence of ochratoxin A in grapes, juices and wines and risk assessment related to this mycotoxin exposure

“…In these cases, the OTA exposure through consumption of juice has not represented a health risk, since the estimated exposure to this toxin were lower than the value established as PTWI by JECFA (ZIMMERLI & DICK, 1996;ROSA et al, 2004;BELLI et al, 2004;SHUNDO et al, 2006;LEE et al, 2012;CAO et al, 2013).…”

“…Since OTA was first detected in these beverages sold in Switzerland (ZIMMERLI & DICK, 1996), several studies about the occurrence of OTA are found in the literature (Table 1 and 2). The concentration of OTA in juice and wine is often reported below of legislation limit (2ng mL -1 ) (WOESE, 2000;NG et al, 2004;ROSA et al, 2004;SHUNDO et al, 2006;QUINTELA et al, 2012;CAO et al, 2013;LASRAM et al, 2013).…”