Molecular weight distribution and hydrolysis behaviour of carrageenans

Ekström, Lars‐Gösta; Kuivinen, Jorma; Johansson, Gunnar

doi:10.1016/s0008-6215(00)90956-x

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In Brown Norway rats we have observed a better adjuvant effect of alum in initiating a reaginic response, nevertheless the op posite effect has been shown in PVG rats with iotacarrageenan [8]. It has been described that carrageen ans can be partially hydrolyzed in the stomach to pro duce lower molecular weight fragments to a very small extent [14], and that a single oral dose can affect the in vitro T-cell responsiveness [12]. Immune oral tolerance was described as a T-cell-dependent phe nomenon [15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 75%

Effect of Systemic and Orally Administered Iota-Carrageenan on Ovalbumin-Specific Antibody Response in the Rat

Coste

Dubuquoy

Tomé

1989

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Iota-carrageenans are high molecular weight polygalactans commonly used in the food industry. Their immunomodulating effects were examined on the reaginic and IgG ovalbumin-specific responses after systemic or oral administration to Brown Norway rats. Intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin with either iota-carrageenan or alum induced both a reaginic and IgG response. Reaginic antibodies were detected in the primary response with alum, but only in the secondary response with iota-carrageenan. Oral tolerance to ovalbumin was similarly induced whether the protein was given alone or admixed in solution with iota-carrageenan. These results confirmed the systemic adjuvant action of iota-carrageenan described earlier, and showed that this effect did not take place when orally administered.

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mentioning

confidence: 75%

Effect of Systemic and Orally Administered Iota-Carrageenan on Ovalbumin-Specific Antibody Response in the Rat

Coste

Dubuquoy

Tomé

1989

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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“…When a kappa/ lambda mixture (from an unidentified species) was incubated in simulated gastric juice at pH 1.2 and 37 °C, breakdown of glycosidic linkages was less than 0.1% after 3 h (Stancioff and Renn 1975). Breakdown of kappa-carrageenan (unidentified species) was about 15 times greater than that of the iota form; however, the conditions of hydrolysis (6 h at pH 1.0) were more drastic than those that occur normally in the stomach, and the pH would be expected to be considerably higher in a full stomach (Ekstrom and Kuivinen 1983). There is no evidence that carrageenan is degraded in the lower gut.…”

Section: Degradation Of Carrageenans In the Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The originating species were E. Cottonii for kappa-carrageenan and E. spinosum for iota-carrageenan; however, this is not stated in the paper. The greater stability of iota-carrageenan to degradation may reflect the conformation of the macromolecule in the medium used (Ekstrom and Kuivinen 1983;Ekstrom 1985;International Food Additives Council 1997). No evidence of fermentation was seen after incubation of rat caecal contents (International Food Additives Council 1997) with iota-carrageenan from E. spinosum (Grasso et al 1973).…”

Section: Degradation Of Carrageenans In the Gastrointestinal Tractmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carrageenan: a review

Nečas¹,

2013

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Carrageenan is a natural carbohydrate (polysaccharide) obtained from edible red seaweeds. The name Carrageenan is derived from the Chondrus crispus species of seaweed known as Carrageen Moss or Irish Moss in England, and Carraigin in Ireland. Carraigin has been used in Ireland since 400 AD as a gelatin and as a home remedy to cure coughs and colds. It grows along the coasts of North America and Europe. Carrageenans are used in a variety of commercial applications as gelling, thickening, and stabilising agents, especially in food products and sauces. Aside from these functions, carrageenans are used in experimental medicine, pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and industrial applications.Keywords: carrageenan; pharmacokinetics; toxicity; biological activity List of abbreviations 3,6-AG = 3,6, anhydro-galactose, 5-HT = 5-hydroxytryptamine, 6-APA = 6-amino penicillanic acid, ADI = acceptable daily intake, AG = amino guanidine, AIDS = acquired immune deficiency syndrome, AT-III = anti-thrombin-III, bw = body weight, COX-2 = cyclooxygenase-2, eNOS = endothelial nitric oxide synthase, FAO = food and agriculture organization, HC-II = heparin co-factor II, HIV = human immunodeficiency virus, HPV = human papilloma virus, HSV = herpes simplex virus, IFAC = international food additives council, iNOS = inducible nitric oxide synthase, JECFA = Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, L-NMMA = NG-monomethyl-l-arginine, nNOS = neuronal nitric oxide synthase, NO = nitric oxide, NOS = nitric oxide synthase, NSAIDs = non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, PGs = prostaglandins, SSL = sodium stearoyl lactylate, TNF-α = tumour necrosis factor-α

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“…However, the first technique which uses standards with the same structure as the unknown seems very time-consuming due to the large separation and analysis time of the carrageenan fragments. 31 We used therefore the universal calibration with PSSNa. The molecular weight determination was thus reduced to the determination of [ q ] and K respectively.…”

Section: Unknown Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

High performance size‐exclusion chromatography of anionic polymers in aqueous solutions

Malfait

Slootmaekers

Cauwelaert

1990

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SynopsisThe applicability of high performance size-exclusion chromatography was tested for anionic polymers with a new type of column. It was found that a solvent salt concentration of 0.1M and an elevated temperature (60°C) prevented adsorption of the polystyrene sulfonate standards on the column packing. The calibration curve and the effect of the concentration on the retention volume remained, however, column-dependent. We concluded also that the use of the column was restricted to the linear range of the calibration curve and to concentrations below 1 mg mL-' for the highest molecular weight standards. The influence of the flow rate (below 1 mL min-') on the retention volume was negligible. The main cause of errors when the universal calibration technique is used originated in the experimental determination of the intrinsic viscosities of the standards. The combination of the errors on the viscosity and on the experimentally determined retention volume easily introduced an error of 15% on the determined molecular weight of the sulfated polysacchaxide ic-carrageenan. The use of the universal calibration method for an exact molecular weight determination of anionic natural polymers is therefoq? still questionable.

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Molecular weight distribution and hydrolysis behaviour of carrageenans

Cited by 42 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of Systemic and Orally Administered Iota-Carrageenan on Ovalbumin-Specific Antibody Response in the Rat

Effect of Systemic and Orally Administered Iota-Carrageenan on Ovalbumin-Specific Antibody Response in the Rat

Carrageenan: a review

High performance size‐exclusion chromatography of anionic polymers in aqueous solutions

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