Molecular survival strategies of Echinococcus multilocularis in the murine host

Gottstein, Bruno; Haag, Karen Luisa; Walker, Mirjam; Matsumoto, Jun; Mejri, Naceur; Hemphill, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.parint.2005.11.006

Cited by 35 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As emphasized previously, Th1 responses are responsible for damaging the parasite whereas Th2-promoting cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-13, are beneficial for parasite growth (40) and are responsible for the inhibition of parasite killing through the action of IL-10 and other mediators that can inhibit the effector phase of the cellular immune response (35). Consistently, a shift in the cytokine response toward a type 1 expression pattern in humans or mice reduces parasite growth (60,63,75). Hence, blocking those Ags responsible for inducing host Th2 cell responses and vaccination Ags inducing a Th1 cell response may be an important pointer for future vaccine design, should this be necessary.…”

Section: Cd25mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In E. multilocularis the LL and especially its major carbohydrate Ag Em2(G11), appear as key to the parasite's survival, acting by modulating the host immune response by virtue of its T cell-independent nature (38). Em2(G11), another carbohydrate component of the LL (Em492), as well as other parasite metabolites, also interfere with Ag presentation and cell activation, leading to a mixed Th1/Th2-type response during late infection (63). In E. granulosus, the LL is bounded by a host-produced fibrous adventitious layer or capsule, which probably also helps to protect it physically from host immune attack.…”

Section: Cd25mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of Immunity in Hydatid Disease: Implications for Vaccine Development

Zhang

Ross

McManus

2008

The Journal of Immunology

126

116

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The Echinococcus organisms, the cause of echinococcosis (hydatid disease), are parasitic helminths with life cycles involving a carnivorous definitive host (usually dog or fox) and an intermediate host (human, ungulate, or rodent). They are complex multicellular pathogens that, despite being under constant barrage by the immune system, are able to modulate antiparasite immune responses and persist and flourish in their mammalian hosts. Understanding how the immune system deals with these parasites is a major challenge. Recent application of modern molecular and immunological approaches has revealed insights on the nature of immune responses generated during the course of hydatid infection, although many aspects of the Echinococcus-host interplay remain unexplored. This review summarizes current understanding of the immunology of echinococcosis, indicates areas where information is lacking, and shows how knowledge of host protective immunity has been translated into the design and development of anti-Echinococcus vaccines for application in intermediate hosts.

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Section: Cd25mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Cd25mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Immunity in Hydatid Disease: Implications for Vaccine Development

Zhang

Ross

McManus

2008

The Journal of Immunology

126

116

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“…Consistently, a shift in the cytokine response toward a type 1expression pattern in humans or mice reduces parasite growth [32].Hence, blocking those antigens responsible for inducing host Th2 cell responses and vaccination antigens inducing a Th1cell response may be an important pointer for future vaccine design, should be necessary [33]. Zhang and McManus [34] stated that when a cyst dies naturally, is killed by chemotherapy treatment or is removed by surgery, Th2 responses drop rapidly and Th1 responses become dominant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency Evaluation of Immunization Protocol with Echinococcus Granulosus Antigen B (Agb)

Mustafa¹,

Shani²

2017

Cihan Univ.-Erbil Sci. J.

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Antigen B (AgB), the major antigens of Echinococcus granulosus, is a polymeric thermostable lipoprotein that constitutes as much as 10% of hydatid fluid.Antibody and cytokine response were both studied in rabbits immunized with Echinococcus granulosus antigen B (AgB). This study aimed to assess the effect of antigen B (AgB) on immune response for this purpose hydatid cysts were collected from liver of infected sheep from slaughter house in Basra . AgB was purified from hydatid fluid by anion exchange chromatography.For evaluation of AgB efficiency in immunization , 15 rabbits were enrolled in the study ,10 of them were immunized subcutaneously with AgB using freund's complete adjuvant after two weeks three booster injections were repeated intramuscularly according to immunization schedule using freund's incomplete adjuvant and 5 rabbits were treated as a control group. After six weeks , blood were collected from rabbits and the levels of IgG , IFN-γ and IL-10 were measured by ELISA test.Means of IgG of immunized rabbits were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated (45.9) ng/ml in comparison with control rabbits (16.6) ng/ml. Cytokines levels of Th1 (IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-10) were recorded a significant differences (P < 0.05) between immunized and control groups , the mean concentrations of IFN-γ in immunized rabbits (28.6 pg/ml) was lower than those of control group (83.6 pg/ml) while IL-10 mean concentrations in immunized rabbits (60.1) pg/ml was higher than those of control group (18.8) pg/ml .The results indicated that AgB has the ability to modulate immune response toward Th2 bias in immunized rabbits as there was significant elevation in total IgG, IL-10 and significant decreasing IFN-γ concentration.

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“…The stimulative effect of liposome-entrapped drug on Th1 protective host immunity during E. multilocularis infection confirmed the results of Dvorožňáková et al (2004). The outcome of a treatment of alveolar echinococcosis might be affected by the immunological status of the host, because an establishment of immunosuppression of the host is the main aspect of the survival strategy of E. multilocularis (Gottstein et al, 2006;Vuitton et al, 2006). Many studies (Rigano et al, 1999;Borošková et al, 2003;Dvorožňáková et al, 2004) have demonstrated that antiparasitic albendazole therapy can modify cellular and humoral immunity in echinococcosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response of mice to Echinococcus multilocularis infection after therapy with amphotericin B colloidal dispersion

Porubcová

Ševčíková

2007

Helminthologia

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47 SummaryThe effect of amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD) on selected immunological parameters and growth of the larval cysts in mice infected intraperitoneally with Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces was observed. ABCD was administered at a dose 10 mg/kg body weight twice a week from week 5 to 10 post infection (p.i.). The Echinococcus infection suppressed the proliferative response of splenic T lymphocytes to nonspecific mitogen concanavalin A throughout almost the whole course of the experiment and ABCD administration did not affect this inhibittion. The increase in the proliferative response of B lymphocytes to lipopolysaccharide was found in infected mice with ABCD treatment from week 6 to 10 p.i. ABCD induced a significant rise of the splenic CD4 T cell subpopulation in infected mice only on week 6 p.i. The CD8 T subpopulation was not influenced by the therapy. The level of serum Th1 cytokine IFN-γ in infected and ABCD treated mice was elevated only at week 8 p.i., while the level of serum Th2 cytokine IL-5 was not influenced by the therapy. The ABCD treatment inhibited the IFN-γ production by splenocytes in vitro from week 6 to 10 p.i. On the contrary, the IL-5 production in vitro was stimulated at weeks 8 and 12 p.i. None antiparasitic effect of ABCD on larval growth was determined. Results suggest that amphotericin B colloidal dispersion did not affect the inhibited Th1 immune response after parasite infection. On the contrary, ABCD advanced the Th2 immune response development, which allows the progressive growth of the parasite.

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Molecular survival strategies of Echinococcus multilocularis in the murine host

Cited by 35 publications

References 22 publications

Mechanisms of Immunity in Hydatid Disease: Implications for Vaccine Development

Mechanisms of Immunity in Hydatid Disease: Implications for Vaccine Development

Efficiency Evaluation of Immunization Protocol with Echinococcus Granulosus Antigen B (Agb)

Immune response of mice to Echinococcus multilocularis infection after therapy with amphotericin B colloidal dispersion

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