HLA-G is a nonclassical, class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene that exhibits immunomodulatory properties and likely plays a role in the maintenance of successful pregnancy. In this study, we investigated the role of HLA-G polymorphisms on risk for recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and on circulating levels of soluble (s)HLA-G in Iraqi women. DNA and plasma were obtained from blood samples collected at 9 to 12 weeks gestation from 50 women with RPL and 50 healthy pregnant women in Basrah province, Iraq. As measured by ELISA, median sHLA-G levels were significantly lower in the RPL cases compared to healthy controls (21.4 vs. 38.8 U/ml, respectively; P = 0.025), and decreased with increasing maternal age (P = 0.0051). However, HLA-G allele and haplotype frequencies did not differ significantly between cases and controls (P values ≥ 0.12 for all tests). In contrast, homozygosity for the C allele (CC) at a tri- allelic promoter polymorphism, −725C/G/T, was associated with lower concentrations of sHLA- G compared to the CG or CT genotypes (median levels 21.1 vs. 40.1 vs. 42.6 U/ml, respectively; P = 0.0089). These results demonstrate that HLA-G genotype influences circulating sHLA-G levels during pregnancy but is not significantly associated with risk of RPL.

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The study was aimed to investigate the association between IL-10 (-592A/C) gene polymorphism with the progression of type 2 diabeteis mellitus in Basrah Province. This study included (100) subjects (30) person as a control group and (70) patients with T2DM. The patients were distributed as two groups according to Their gender and duration of the disease: group for short duration (≤ 5 years) and group for long duration( >5 years). Lipid profile and glucose concentrations were measured by COBAS analyzer while IL-10 (-592A/C) gene polymorphism was genotyped by using (RFLP-PCR) technique. CC genotype frequency showed a significant decrease while CA genotype revealed significant increase ( p≤0.05) in T2DM compared with controls .No significant differences were observed in the allelic frequencies between both groups. Gender and duration of diabetes didn't show any significant differences. There is significant association between CA genotype with the risk of T2DM (OR=1.50, 95% CI=1.035-2.173). We concluded that IL-10 (-592A/C) gene polymorphism contribute in development of T2DM.

Cathelicidin is important components of the innate defense in the urinary tract. The aim of this study was to characterize whether these anti -microbial peptide are important for developing urinary tract infections (UTIs). This aim was investigated by comparing blood urinary peptide levels of UTI patients' infection to those of controls. A case-control study was conducted at Basrah province (Basrah general hospital and Al-Sadr Educational hospital) during the period from 18 November 2018 to 15 April 2019. 60 patients with confirmed UTI and 30 healthy controls without UTI. Plasma and urine levels of cathelicidin were determined using an enzyme linked immunesorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The mean concentration of anti-microbial peptide cathelicidin (AMPccl37ng/ml) was highly significant P≤0.001, P≤0.000 in urine and sera respectively, with no significant difference correlation between the type of bacterial infection and concentration of ccl37 in urine and sera. Conclusion Urinary cathelicidin is microbial markers that may assist the diagnosis of UTI in woman.