Several kidney diseases associated with complement activation. Complement activation occurs in progressive chronic kidney disease and may contribute to the chronic inflammation that is characteristically found in the kidney. This study was aimed to detect the level of complement system in kidney failure patients. This study was included (30) patients with renal failure and (15) healthy donors as control group. Serum samples separated from the whole blood of patients and healthy individuals. C3, C4, and high sensitive C- reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were estimated for all samples. The results were analyzed according to patients who were dialysis, non-dialysis, with diabetes, without diabetes, with high blood pressure, and without high blood pressure. The results showed that there was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in C3 level for patients with renal failure (154.12 mg/dl) compared to control group (126.08 mg/dl) while C4 level for renal failure patients (35.38 mg/dl) showed no significant change compared to control group (36.26 mg/dl). However, C3 level of patients under dialysis (152.15 mg/dl), not dialysis (162.01 mg/dl), with diabetic (155.80 mg/dl), and without diabetic (153 mg/dl) recorded significant elevation compared with control group (126.08 mg/dl) but C4 level did not show any significant change for all groups. C3 and C4 concentrations did not record significant alteration (P < 0.05) in patient with hypertension, nonhypertension, and control group. Moreover, seropositivity of CRP for patients with renal failure was ranged from 33.33% to 60% in all patients groups included in this study. hsCRP concentration significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in under dialysis (1.787 mg/L), nondialysis (1.583 mg/L), with diabetic (2.766 mg/L), nondiabetic (1.066 mg/L), with hypertension (1.84 mg/L), and nonhypertension (1.26 mg/L) when compared with control group (0.667 mg/L). The present findings suggest that the increased serum levels of C3, C4, and hs-CRP reflect the of kidney injury. Hence, this reflects the complement system as an important mediator of kidney injury and the role of anti-complement therapy in nephropathy will expand in the future.

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Antigen B (AgB), the major antigens of Echinococcus granulosus, is a polymeric thermostable lipoprotein that constitutes as much as 10% of hydatid fluid.Antibody and cytokine response were both studied in rabbits immunized with Echinococcus granulosus antigen B (AgB). This study aimed to assess the effect of antigen B (AgB) on immune response for this purpose hydatid cysts were collected from liver of infected sheep from slaughter house in Basra . AgB was purified from hydatid fluid by anion exchange chromatography.For evaluation of AgB efficiency in immunization , 15 rabbits were enrolled in the study ,10 of them were immunized subcutaneously with AgB using freund's complete adjuvant after two weeks three booster injections were repeated intramuscularly according to immunization schedule using freund's incomplete adjuvant and 5 rabbits were treated as a control group. After six weeks , blood were collected from rabbits and the levels of IgG , IFN-γ and IL-10 were measured by ELISA test.Means of IgG of immunized rabbits were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated (45.9) ng/ml in comparison with control rabbits (16.6) ng/ml. Cytokines levels of Th1 (IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-10) were recorded a significant differences (P < 0.05) between immunized and control groups , the mean concentrations of IFN-γ in immunized rabbits (28.6 pg/ml) was lower than those of control group (83.6 pg/ml) while IL-10 mean concentrations in immunized rabbits (60.1) pg/ml was higher than those of control group (18.8) pg/ml .The results indicated that AgB has the ability to modulate immune response toward Th2 bias in immunized rabbits as there was significant elevation in total IgG, IL-10 and significant decreasing IFN-γ concentration.

Diabetes mellitus is one of public health problem in world. Type 2 diabetes millitus (T2DM) which resistance cell to insulin. more inflammation occur in Patients with T2DM because of elevation of inflammatory marker like C3, C4 & hsCRP. This study was aimed to detect the level of acute phase reactant proteins (C3 , C4 and hsCRP) in T2DM patients. Blood samples were collected from 60 patients with T2DM and control group was included 30 healthy donors. C3, C4 & hsCRP levels were estimated for all samples. Samples were grouped according to complications of patients. The results showed that there was a significant increase in C3 level for patients with T2DM (199.0 mg/dl) compared to control group (135.4 mg /dl) while C4 level for T2DM (27.25 mg/dl) showed no significant change compared to control group( 30.04mg/dl). C3 level of patients under heart disease (199.6 mg/dl ), patients under thyroid disease (230.4 mg/dl) and patients without any disease (188.1 mg/dl) recorded significant elevation compared with control group (135.4 mg /dl) but C4 level did not show any significant change for all groups. hsCRP level recorded significant increasing in all study groups as fallowing : in all included patients (2.506 mg/L), T2DM patients with heart disease (2.238 mg/L),T2DM patients with thyroid disease (2.433 mg/L) and T2DM patients without any disease (2.20mg/L), The conclusion of this study was the inflammation process associated with T2DM where inflammatory markers (C3 and hsCRP) elevated.

Background:Obesity is one of the largest public health problem worldwide. It is a multifactorial chronic disease that increases mortality and the prevalence of heart-related diseases. Adipose tissue secretes large numbers of peptides that resemble cytokines. Interleukin 6)IL-6(is one of those peptides that are released by adipose tissue. One of the major function of IL-6 is sending signal to liver to secrete C-reactive protein (CRP). Objective:To study the relationship between obesity and inflammation by: estimation of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and IL-6 concentrations in participants sera in relation with different body mass indices (BMI). Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed through the period of 3 months and 90 participants with the average range of age 25-40 years old were included, they were categorized into three groups (30 with BMI less than 25, 30 with BMI ranged between 25-29.9 and 30 with BMI more than 30). Results:The concentrations mean of hsCRP was significantly elevated among the three studied groups as a result of BMI increasing (0.945 mg/L, 1.694mg/L and 2.521mg/L respectively). There was a significant increasing in the mean of IL-6 in relation with increased BMI in all included groups (1.084mg/L, 1.802mg/L and 3.531 mg/L respectively). Linear correlation between the concentrations means of hsCRP and IL-6 were found in all studied groups. Conclusion:This study demonstrated a significant relationship between obesity and inflammatory marker (IL6 and hsCRP) .