Molecular Prevalence of<scp>B</scp>artonella,<scp>B</scp>abesia, and Hemotropic<scp>M</scp>ycoplasmasp. in Dogs with Splenic Disease

Varanat, Mrudula; Maggi, Ricardo G.; Linder, Keith E.; Breitschwerdt, Edward B.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00811.x

Cited by 69 publications

(49 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, blood samples were analyzed for the presence of Bartonella spp. using the Bartonella alphaproteobacterial growth medium (BAPGM) enrichment culture PCR as described previously (16)(17)(18). DNAs from naive dog and human blood extracted at the same time and in the same manner were used as negative controls for the PCR testing.…”

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confidence: 99%

“Candidatus Mycoplasma haemomacaque” and Bartonella quintana Bacteremia in Cynomolgus Monkeys

et al. 2013

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Here, we report latent infections with Bartonella quintana and a hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. in a research colony of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Sequence alignments, evolutionary analysis, and signature nucleotide sequence motifs of the hemotropic Mycoplasma 16S rRNA and RNase P genes indicate the presence of a novel organism. Hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. (hemoplasmas) are obligate epierythrocytic bacteria that infect numerous animal species, including Homo sapiens. Infections are often chronic and subclinical; however, some animals and humans develop hemolytic anemia, particularly when stressed or immunosuppressed (1, 2). Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences have defined two major subclusters of hemoplasmas, namely, the Mycoplasma haemosuis and Mycoplasma haemofelis groups (3-7).Historically, diagnosis of hemoplasma infections has relied on cytological examination of stained blood smears. In 1994, Dillberger and colleagues described Haemobartonella-like parasites in five wild-caught anemic cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) that originated from the Philippines; however, the organisms were not characterized phylogenetically (8). For some animal species, the diagnostic sensitivity of a blood smear examination is very poor and unspecific (3, 4, 9). The development of molecular assays, primarily targeting the 16S rRNA and the RNase P genes of these cell wall-deficient uncultivable microbes, has resulted in the recent recognition of several novel animal hemoplasmas (4, 5, 10-13).Bartonella spp. are facultative intracellular bacteria that also infect erythrocytes in numerous animal species, including Homo sapiens. Previously, Bartonella quintana DNA was amplified, cloned, and sequenced from lysed erythrocytes, and cultured colonies were grown from peripheral blood collected from a captivebred cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) (14). Bartonella quintana was subsequently isolated from 2 of 36 captive rhesus macaques in China, of which 12 of 33 were B. quintana seroreactive (15).Hemotropic Mycoplasma and Bartonella organisms often cause persistent occult infection in immunocompetent hosts. The extent to which an infection with these bacteria in cynomolgus monkeys involved in a research study might influence assessments or outcomes associated with drug development studies is poorly characterized. This report describes PCR amplification and DNA sequence characterization of a novel hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. found in the blood of 44 of 52 cynomolgus research monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) and the isolation of Bartonella quintana from one monkey. These animals were in a chronic toxicity study, and data from the pretest phase of the study are presented. The animals were tested for Mycoplasma and Bartonella on the basis of the findings in a previous toxicity study that raised the possibility of latent infections. Based on the analysis of the 16S rRNA and RNase P gene sequences, we propose "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemomacaque" as the name for the novel hemotropic Mycoplasma sp. identified in this ...

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“Candidatus Mycoplasma haemomacaque” and Bartonella quintana Bacteremia in Cynomolgus Monkeys

et al. 2013

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“…Recent in vivo evidence supporting a role for B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii in vasoproliferative lesions has been generated by amplifying and sequencing the bacteria's DNA from a spectrum of vasoproliferative lesions in dogs, including hemangiopericytoma [26], bacillary angiomatosis [27], and hemangiosarcoma [14]; from cats with systemic reactive angioendotheliomatosis (this study); and from EHE human patients [26,28]. PCR amplification or isolation of B. vinsonii subsp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DNA, including B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, has recently been amplified and sequenced from dogs with splenic hemangiosarcomas [14]. Collectively, these observations suggested that B. vinsonii subsp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The 16S-23S intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) region was amplified using Bartonella genus-specific primers as described previously [14,17]. The tissue samples from each animal were processed at different time points in the laboratory, and extreme care was taken to prevent DNA carry over among tissues [43].…”

Section: Animal Sample Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) and peliosis hepatis (PH) have been reported most often in immunocompromised HIV-infected patients, suggesting that suppression of immune regulatory mechanisms plays a role in the immunopathogenesis of Bartonella-induced vasoproliferation [12]. B. henselae appears to be the most frequent species infecting dogs [13], was the most frequently detected Bartonella species in the dogs with splenic hemangiosarcomas [14], and has been associated with PH in one dog [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and Bartonella henselae as potential causes of proliferative vascular diseases in animals

Beerlage

Varanat

Linder

et al. 2012

Med Microbiol Immunol

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Bartonellosis, One Health and all creatures great and small

Breitschwerdt

2017

Advances in Veterinary Dermatology

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Background -Bartonellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease of worldwide distribution, caused by an expanding number of recently discovered Bartonella spp.Objectives -This review serves as an update on comparative medical aspects of this disease, including the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, treatment and challenges.Results -Of comparative medical importance, Bartonella spp. are transmitted by several arthropod vectors, including fleas, keds, lice, sand flies, ticks and, potentially, mites and spiders. Prior to 1990, there was only one named Bartonella species (B. bacilliformis), whereas there are now over 36, of which 17 have been associated with an expanding spectrum of animal and human diseases. Recent advances in diagnostic techniques have facilitated documentation of chronic bloodstream and dermatological infections with Bartonella spp. in healthy and sick animals, in human blood donors, and in immunocompetent and immunocompromised human patients. The field of Bartonella research remains in its infancy and is rich in questions, for which patient relevant answers are badly needed. Directed Bartonella research could substantially reduce a spectrum of chronic and debilitating animal and human diseases, and thereby reduce suffering throughout the world.

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Molecular Prevalence ofBartonella,Babesia, and HemotropicMycoplasmasp. in Dogs with Splenic Disease

Cited by 69 publications

References 49 publications

“Candidatus Mycoplasma haemomacaque” and Bartonella quintana Bacteremia in Cynomolgus Monkeys

“Candidatus Mycoplasma haemomacaque” and Bartonella quintana Bacteremia in Cynomolgus Monkeys

Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and Bartonella henselae as potential causes of proliferative vascular diseases in animals

Bartonellosis, One Health and all creatures great and small

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