Molecular Phylogeny of the Chipmunks Inferred from Mitochondrial Cytochrome b and Cytochrome Oxidase II Gene Sequences

Neotropical Monogenoidea. 58. Three new species of Gyrodactylus (Gyrodactylidae) from Scleromystax spp. (Callichthyidae) and the proposal of COII gene as an additional fragment for barcoding gyrodactylids

“…this gene, however, is difficult to amplify successfully for several animal species (Bhadury et al 2006, Moszczynska et al 2009, Hoareau and Boissin 2010, including species of Gyrodactylus (see Meinilä et al 2002, this study). Alternatively, the coii gene has been successfully used as a molecular marker in phylogenetic reconstructions and evolutionary studies for various species of animals (spicer 1995, Adkins et al 1996, Frati et al 1997, caterino and sperling 1999, Pruess et al 2000, Piaggio and spicer 2001, rawson and Burton 2006. Although the rate of nucleotide substitution of coii is higher than the coi in Gyrodactylus (Huyse et al 2008), we found it easier to locate conserved regions of the mitochondrial genome to design primers to amplify and sequence coii than coi of gyrodactylidae.…”

“…the coii gene has been successfully used as molecular marker in phylogenetic inference and evolutionary studies for various species of animals (caterino and sperling 1999, Pruess et al 2000, Piaggio and spicer 2001, rawson and Burton 2006. Although the mitochondrial genome has been sequenced for a few species of Gyrodactylus (Huyse et al 2007, 2008, Plaisance et al 2007), this study proposes, for the first time, to use the coii gene as a marker for gyrodactylids.…”

Towards a uniform nomenclature for ground squirrels: the status of the Holarctic chipmunks

“…In the last truly comprehensive revision of living forms, Howell (1938) (Marmotini and Callosciurini, respectively). Although studies based on immunology, karyology, and electrophoresis offered inconclusive and sometimes conflicting evidence of chipmunk sister groups (Hight et al 1974, Nadler et al 1977, Levenson et al 1985, DNA sequence analyses have reliably recovered the three groups of chipmunks as distinct and monophyletic (Piaggio and Spicer 2000, Herron et al 2004, Reid et al 2012. Different phylogenetic methods and datasets applied to chipmunk lineages tend to recover different sister pairs (Ellis and Maxson 1979, Levenson et al 1985, Herron et al 2004, indicating a quasi-trichotomy.…”

“…The distinction and integrity of these lineages is such that these three genera have no additional synonyms other than Sciurus, used in the 18th century; in the course of history, all chipmunk species have been recognized under Tamias and all but Tamias striatus have been recognized under Eutamias. Only the western North American forms have been called Neotamias (e.g., Piaggio and Spicer 2001).…”

“…Allocating all chipmunks to a single genus became generally accepted following Nadler et al (1977), Corbet (1978), and Ellis and Maxson (1979) and was codified by global checklists (Corbet andHill 1980 andlater editions, Honacki et al 1982 andlater editions). Although several analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences have clarified the interspecific relationships of chipmunks (Piaggio and Spicer 2000, Reid et al 2012) and made nomenclatural recommendations to separate them as distinct genera (Piaggio and Spicer 2001), little attention has focused on their higher-level relationships.…”