Molecular phylogeny, diversity, symbiosis and discover of bioactive compounds of endophytic fungi associated with the medicinal Amazonian plant Carapa guianensis Aublet ( Meliaceae )

Abstract

a b s t r a c tWe investigated the endophytic fungal community associated with the Amazonian medicinal plant Carapa guianensis and its potential for providing bioactive compounds. A total of 162 endophytic fungal isolates were obtained and identified by molecular methods. These isolates were classified into 35 different taxa in the genera Aspergilllus, Beltrania, Botryosphaeria, Colletotrichum, Diaporthe, Endomelanconiopsis, Fusarium, Guignardia, Pestalotiopsis, Phomopsis, Pilidiella, Trichoderma, and Xylaria. The most frequent colonisers recovered of C. guianensis were Colletotrichum sp. 1, Diaporthe cf. mayteni, and Pestalotiopsis sp. 1. The fungal community had a moderate richness but high diversity and evenness indices. Colletotrichum sp. and Pilidiella wangiensis displayed selective antibacterial activity; Diaporthe cf. mayteni and Endomelanconiopsis endophytica showed high activity against amastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi; and Colletrotrichum sp. Guignardia mangiferae, Pestalotiopsis sp., and Diaporthe melonis were able to inhibit yellow fever virus proliferation. Our results suggest that the plants living in the tropical forest, such as the Amazonian hotspot region, can live in symbiosis with hidden and underestimated rich communities of endophytic fungi, which deserve protocols and/or specific laws to keep its future conservation. The capability of these endophytic fungi to produce bioactive

Antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Croton lechleri (Euphorbiaceae)

“…Other studies showed leaves with the highest colonization of endophytic fungi (Souza et al, 2004). Similar to the results obtained in this study, Phomopsis and Pestalotiopsis were also one of the most frequent genera isolated as endophytic (Hilarino et al, 2011;Ferreira et al, 2015). Some fungal genera exhibited specificity in relation to the culture medium of isolation.…”

Multiloci identification ofDiaporthefungi isolated from the medicinal plantCostus spiralis(Jacq.) Roscoe (Costaceae)

“…However, knowledge of the diversity of endophytic fungi, particularly in tropical forests, is incipient (Ferreira et al . ).…”

Antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC

“…Colletotrichum isolated as endophytic fungus also showed antibacterial activity against gram-positive, gramnegative, and Candida albicans bacteria (Katoch et al, 2014;Ferreira et al, 2015).…”

“…Asterosporium and Aureobasidium were isolated only at 18°C, while Guignardia, Aspergillus, Botrytis, and Didymostilbe only at 28°C. Studies on endophytic fungi generally use temperatures between 25 and 28°C (Premalatha and Kalra, 2013;Campos et al, 2015;Ferreira et al, 2015).…”