Molecular Modeling of Metabolism for Allergen-Free Low Linoleic Acid Peanuts

Abstract

It is necessary to eliminate linoleic acid and allergenic arachins from peanuts for good health reasons. Virginia-type peanuts, harvested from plots treated with mineral salts combinations that mimic the subunit compositions of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) were analyzed for fatty acid and arachin compositions by HPLC and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. Fatty acid desaturase and arachin encoding mRNAs were analyzed by Northern hybridization using the homologous RNAs synthesized by peanut GDH as probes. There were 70–80 % sequence similarities between the GDH-synthesized RNAs and the mRNAs encoding arachins, fatty acid desaturases, glutamate synthase, and nitrate reductase, which similarities induced permutation of the metabolic pathways at the mRNA level. Modeling of mRNAs showed there were 210, 3,150, 1,260, 2,520, and 4,200 metabolic permutations in the control, NPKS-, NS-, Pi-, NH4Cl-, and PK-treated peanuts, respectively. The mRNA cross-talks decreased the arachin to almost zero percent in the NPKS- and PK-treated peanuts, and linoleate to ∼18 % in the PK-treated peanut. The mRNA cross-talks may account for the vastly reported environmentally induced variability in the linoleate contents of peanut genotypes. These results have quantitatively unified molecular biology and metabolic pathways into one simple biotechnology for optimizing peanut quality and may encourage small-scale industry to produce arachin-free low linoleate peanuts.

Horticultural Production of Ultra High Resveratrol Peanut

“…Treatment of peanut with mineral salt solutions: Mineral salt compositions [34] were formulated to mimic a wide array of reacting quantities, and the stoichiometric ratios of the subunit polypeptide compositions of GDH ( Table 1). …”

“…When the GDH-synthesized RNA did not knock down the mRNAs encoding the enzymes of biomass and fatty acid metabolism, peanut yield was doubled [34] [35] [36] [37]. The NPPK treatment gave the lowest ever yield [35] of peanut (Table 1).…”

“…GDH is a target site of mineral ion action in plants [38]. Our earlier studies on GDH kinetics had observed the signal integration/discrimination [39] and biomass enhancement [34] functions of the enzyme. The principles and practice of the induction of GDH-synthesized…”

“…Peanuts enriched in resveratrol would further stabilize the incomes of limited resource farmers who cultivate the crop. In the light of transcript silencing by homologous RNAs synthesized by GDH [34] [42], the theoretical logic is that induction of GDH isomerization and RNA synthesis by horticulturally optimized mineral ion treatments of peanut will coordinate the expression of resveratrol synthase mRNAs with the mRNAs encoding some enzymes in intermediary carbon-nitrogen metabolism, leading to production of several peanut metabolic variants that are substantially enriched with resveratrol. lanting to make up for ungerminated seeds.…”

“…The applied mineral salt compositions were based on stoichiometric combinations to mimick the binomial subunit polypeptide compositions of the GDH isoenzymes [36] and to interact with target molecules in molar ratios. Mineral salt compositions and solutions (Table 1) were prepared as described [34]. Weeds were manually removed.…”