Molecular identification of genes controlling flowering time, maturity, and photoperiod response in soybean

Xia, Zhengjun; Zhai, Hong; Liu, Baohui; Kong, Fanjiang; Yuan, Xiaohui; Wu, Hongyan; Cober, Elroy R.; Harada, Kyuya

doi:10.1007/s00606-012-0628-2

Cited by 43 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Recently, numerous studies have provided major insight into the genetic mechanism controlling soybean response to photoperiod, and found that E3 and E4 genes, which encode the photoreceptors GmPHYA3 and GmPHYA2 respectively, upregulate almost all photoperiodic flowering identity genes in soybean (Liu et al 2008;Watanabe et al 2009;Kong et al 2010;Sun et al 2011;Xia et al 2012b;Zhai et al 2014). Consequently, we examined the expression of GmTOE4a in E3 and E4 NILs, including the e3 and e4 single or double mutant, and observed that GmTOE4a was upregulated by E3 and E4 (Fig.…”

Section: The Role Of Gmtoe4a In Photoperiodic Floweringmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dual functions of GmTOE4a in the regulation of photoperiod-mediated flowering and plant morphology in soybean

et al. 2015

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Flowering time, maturity, and plant morphology have considerable effects on the adaptation and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max). The identification of novel genes and an understanding of their molecular basis are critical to improve soybean productivity. In this study, we cloned a flowering time related APETALA2-like gene GmTOE4a and generated GmTOE4a-overexpressing lines in the cultivar Williams 82. The transgenic lines exhibited late flowering both under long day and short day conditions, and repressed the flowering-related genes, including GmFT2a, GmFT5a, GmAP1, and GmLFY, whereas the flowering repressors GmFT4 and miR156 were upregulated. Interestingly, GmTOE4a was also mediated by photoperiod via maturity genes E3 and E4, which encode photoreceptors in soybean. Further, miR172-mediated GmTOE4a, which regulates flowering in soybean, is different in Arabidopsis in that it is dependent on the CONSTANS-like gene GmCOL1a. In addition to its effect on flowering time, GmTOE4a regulated plant morphology, increased stem thickness, and reduced plant height, internode length and leaf size, which are important agronomic traits that enhance the capacity to resist lodging and increase soybean yield. This is useful information to understand the molecular mechanism of flowering time and plant morphology in soybean and will greatly influence soybean yield improvement.

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Section: The Role Of Gmtoe4a In Photoperiodic Floweringmentioning

confidence: 97%

Dual functions of GmTOE4a in the regulation of photoperiod-mediated flowering and plant morphology in soybean

et al. 2015

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“…Flowering genes have been assigned to a series ( E1-E8 ) [6], [9]. E1 , E2 , E3 , and E4 and their roles in flowering time and maturation have been characterized [9], [10], while the identity and function of E5-E8 genes remains largely unknown [5]. It was shown that E1-E4 genes are involved in regulation of both pre-flowering and post-flowering growth of plants under different photoperiod length [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Soybean Flowering and Seed Maturation Time in Different Latitude Regions of Kazakhstan

et al. 2016

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Soybean is still a minor crop in Kazakhstan despite an increase in planting area from 4,500 to 11,400 km2 between 2006 and 2014. However, the Government’s recently accepted crop diversification policy projects the expansion of soybean cultivation area to more than 40,000 km2 by 2020. The policy is targeting significant expansion of soybean production in South-eastern, Eastern, and Northern regions of Kazakhstan. Successful realization of this policy requires a comprehensive characterization of plant growth parameters to identify optimal genotypes with appropriate adaptive phenotypic traits. In this study 120 soybean accessions from different parts of the World, including 18 accessions from Kazakhstan, were field tested in South-eastern, Eastern, and Northern regions of the country. These studies revealed positive correlation of yield with flowering time in Northern Kazakhstan, with seed maturity time in Eastern Kazakhstan, and with both these growth stages in South-eastern Kazakhstan. It was determined that in South-eastern, Eastern and Northern regions of Kazakhstan the majority of productive genotypes were in maturity groups MGI, MG0, and MG00, respectively. The accessions were genotyped for four major maturity genes (E1, E2, E3, and E4) in order to assess the relationship between E loci and agronomic traits. The allele composition of the majority of accessions was e1-as/e2/E3/E4 (specific frequencies 57.5%, 91.6%, 65.0%, and 63.3%, respectively). Accessions with dominant alleles in either E3 or E4 genes showed higher yield in all three regions, although the specific genotype associated with greatest productivity was different for each site. Genotype-environment interaction studies based on yield performances suggest that South-east and East regions formed one mega-environment, which was well separated from North Kazakhstan where significantly earlier time to maturation is required. The results provide important insights into the relationship between genetic and phenotypic patterns in new soybean growing territories in Kazakhstan.

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“…There are nine maturity loci, E1 - E8 and J [14]. E5 - E8 and J have not been identified on the molecular level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up till now, nine maturity loci have been reported, including, E1-E8, and J [5-13]. These loci have been comprehensively reviewed by Xia et al [14]. They play different roles under different photoperiods with stronger effects under long-day and weaker effects under short-day conditions [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GmFT2a Polymorphism and Maturity Diversity in Soybeans

et al. 2013

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BackgroundSoybean is a short-day crop of agricultural, ecological, and economic importance. The sensitive photoperiod responses significantly limit its breeding and adaptation. GmFT2a, a putative florigen gene with different transcription profiles in two cultivars (late-maturing Zigongdongdou and early-maturing Heihe 27) with different maturity profiles, is key to flowering and maturation. However, up to now, its role in the diverse patterns of maturation in soybeans has been poorly understood.MethodsEighty varieties, including 19 wild accessions, covering 11 of all 13 maturity groups, were collected. They were planted in pots and maintained under different photoperiodicity conditions (SD, short day; LD, long day; and ND, natural day). The day to first flowering was recorded and the sensitivity to photoperiod was investigated. Polymorphisms in the GmFT2a coding sequence were explored by searching the known SNP database (NCBI dbSNP). The GmFT2a promoter regions were then cloned from these varieties and sequenced. Further polymorphism and association analyses were conducted.ResultsThese varieties varied greatly in time to first flowering under ND and exhibited a consecutive distribution of photoperiod sensitivity, which suggested that there is rich diversity in flowering time. Furthermore, although GmFT2a had only one known synonymous SNP in the coding sequence, there were 17 haplotypes of the GmFT2a promoter region, HT06 of which was extremely abundant. Further association analysis found some SNPs that might be associated with day to first flowering and photoperiod sensitivity.ConclusionAlthough GmFT2a is a key flowering gene, GmFT2a polymorphism does not appear to be responsible for maturity diversity in soybean.

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Molecular identification of genes controlling flowering time, maturity, and photoperiod response in soybean

Cited by 43 publications

References 122 publications

Dual functions of GmTOE4a in the regulation of photoperiod-mediated flowering and plant morphology in soybean

Dual functions of GmTOE4a in the regulation of photoperiod-mediated flowering and plant morphology in soybean

Assessment of Soybean Flowering and Seed Maturation Time in Different Latitude Regions of Kazakhstan

GmFT2a Polymorphism and Maturity Diversity in Soybeans

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