Molecular Epidemiologic Source Tracking of Orally Transmitted Chagas Disease, Venezuela

Segovia, Maikell; Carrasco, Hernán J.; Martı́nez, Clara; Messenger, Louisa A.; Nessi, Anaibeth; Londoño, Juan Carlos; Espinosa, Raúl; Martínez, Cinda; Alfredo, Mijares; Bonfante-Cabarcas, Rafael; Lewis, Michael D.; Noya, Belkisyolé Alarcón de; Miles, Michael A.; Llewellyn, Martin S.

doi:10.3201/eid1907.121576

Cited by 35 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…The presence of disturbed and admixed sylvatic T. cruzi populations in populous areas has major implications for the effective source attribution and thus future prevention of oral outbreaks [5]. Many such outbreaks have occurred in Brazil in recent years [53].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild Trypanosoma cruzi I genetic diversity in Brazil suggests admixture and disturbance in parasite populations from the Atlantic Forest region

et al. 2014

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BackgroundTrypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae) infection is an ancient and widespread zoonosis distributed throughout the Americas. Ecologically, Brazil comprises several distinct biomes: Amazonia, Cerrado, Caatinga, Pantanal and the Atlantic Forest. Sylvatic T. cruzi transmission is known to occur throughout these biomes, with multiple hosts and vectors involved. Parasite species-level genetic diversity can be a useful marker for ecosystem health. Our aims were to: investigate sylvatic T. cruzi genetic diversity across different biomes, detect instances of genetic exchange, and explore the possible impact of ecological disturbance on parasite diversity at an intra-species level.MethodsWe characterised 107 isolates of T. cruzi I (TcI; discrete typing unit, DTU I) from different major Brazilian biomes with twenty-seven nuclear microsatellite loci. A representative subset of biologically cloned isolates was further characterised using ten mitochondrial gene loci. We compared these data generated from Brazilian TcI isolates from around America.ResultsGenetic diversity was remarkably high, including one divergent cluster that branched outside the known genetic diversity of TcI in the Americas. We detected evidence for mitochondrial introgression and genetic exchange between the eastern Amazon and Caatinga. Finally, we found strong signatures of admixture among isolates from the Atlantic Forest region by comparison to parasites from other study sites.ConclusionsAtlantic Forest sylvatic TcI populations are highly fragmented and admixed by comparison to others around Brazil. We speculate on: the possible causes of Atlantic Forest admixture; the role of T. cruzi as a sentinel for ecosystem health, and the impact disrupted sylvatic transmission cycles might have on accurate source attribution in oral outbreaks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild Trypanosoma cruzi I genetic diversity in Brazil suggests admixture and disturbance in parasite populations from the Atlantic Forest region

et al. 2014

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“…However, this is intriguing in terms of parasite adapta-413 tion; TcI DOM shows very low genetic diversity and a clonal expan-414 sion as a key feature for host adaptation (Zumaya et al, 2012). 415 Recently, Segovia et al have can be used as a potential prognostic marker for Chagas cardiomy-419 opathy (Segovia et al, 2013). We believe that these conclusions are 420 audacious and more sampling is required to fulfill this conclusion.…”

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confidence: 87%

“…Recently, a new genotype 71 named TcBat has been described in isolates from bats in Brazil, 72 Colombia and Panama (Marcili et al, 2009;Pinto et al, 2012;73 Ramírez et al, 2013a). TcI is the DTU with the broadest distribution 74 in America, and prevalent in northern countries of South America, 75 with presence of sporadic cases in the Southern Cone (Guhl and 76 Ramírez, 2011 Also, this DTU has been associated to severe myocarditis, com-82 pared to other DTUs, as TcII, TcV and TcVI (Ramírez et al, 2010, 83 2013b; Ocaña et al, 2010;Segovia et al, 2013). By analyzing frag-84 ments of the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of TcI, the exis-85 tence of an emerging genotype associated with human infections 86 was reported and called as TcI DOM (which previously corresponded 87 to TcIa-b/Ven DOM ) Thus, this study will determine whether or not there are significant 105 differences in the biological properties, including the assessment of 106 parasitemia, antigenicity profiles and pathological effects of TcI DOM 107 and sylvatic strains in murine biomodels (Ragone et al, 2012;Dos 108 Reis et al, 2012;Suarez et al, 2009;Rivera et al, 2000;Téllez et al, 109 2008 The weight of infected mice and negative controls were 158 recorded at intervals of 4 days using an electric balance Sartorius 159 PT-600 size 9 00 Â 7 00 Â 2 00 .…”

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confidence: 95%

Comparative study of the biological properties of Trypanosoma cruzi I genotypes in a murine experimental model

Cruz¹,

Vivas

Montilla

et al. 2015

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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“…En dichos brotes, el número de personas afectadas ha oscilado entre tres y 103 casos confirmados (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26).…”

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Chagas disease

et al. 2017

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-Torres: concepción y diseño del estudio Oneida Castañeda-Porras: organización del manuscrito Todos los autores participaron en el análisis e interpretación de los datos y en la escritura del manuscrito. Resultados. Se registraron 552 personas expuestas y se confirmaron por laboratorio 40 casos (7,2 %); siete casos se dieron en mujeres (17,5 %) y 33 en hombres (82,5%), es decir, en una relación de 1:5. La edad promedio fue de 39,1 (± 10,8) años, la tasa de ataque, de 7,2 %, y la letalidad, de 5 % (2/40). Los signos y síntomas incluyeron fiebre en el 100 % de los casos, cefalea en el 80 %, mialgias y artralgias en el 65 %, edema facial en el 55 %, y dolor abdominal en el 37,5 %. El tiempo promedio de incubación fue de 17 (3-21) días. El índice de infestación de Rhodnius prolixus fue de 3,3 % en el domicilio y de 2,2 % en el peridomicilio. En los cinco restaurantes inspeccionados, se encontraron condiciones sanitarias deficientes y alimentos con niveles de contaminación microbiológica inaceptables. Por último, un perro y dos zarigüeyas fueron positivos para los anticuerpos IgG en la prueba ELISA. Conclusiones. Mediante el análisis de las características epidemiológicas, ambientales y sanitarias, se confirmó un brote agudo de enfermedad de Chagas por exposición ocupacional y de posible transmisión oral, que podría ser el de mayor proporción reportado hasta la fecha en Colombia.Palabras clave: enfermedad de Chagas/transmisión; Trypanosoma cruzi; salud laboral; epidemiología descriptiva.

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Molecular Epidemiologic Source Tracking of Orally Transmitted Chagas Disease, Venezuela

Cited by 35 publications

References 12 publications

Wild Trypanosoma cruzi I genetic diversity in Brazil suggests admixture and disturbance in parasite populations from the Atlantic Forest region

Wild Trypanosoma cruzi I genetic diversity in Brazil suggests admixture and disturbance in parasite populations from the Atlantic Forest region

Comparative study of the biological properties of Trypanosoma cruzi I genotypes in a murine experimental model

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