MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OF<i>LEISHMANIA AMAZONENSIS</i>IN A CAPTIVE SPIDER MONKEY IN BAURU, SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

Lima, Valéria Marçal Felix de; Santiago, Maria Emília Bodini; Sanches, Letícia da Cruz; Lima, Beatriz Dolabela de

doi:10.1638/2012-0059r1.1

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…The high frequency of cells producing NO observed in the spleen of dogs with leishmaniasis confirmed previous results in which higher proportions of cells producing iNOS were observed in dogs with leishmaniasis [26,8] Conversely, the levels of NO were reduced in the spleen, suggesting that the leishmanicidal function is impaired, in fact symptomatic dogs showed lower iNOS mRNA expression than asymptomatic [27]. and high iNOS expression was observed in macrophages containing little or no amastigotes internalized in the liver samples, skin and lymph node of dogs with VL.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Previous studies have shown that elevated expression of iNOS in macrophages is associated with a reduced number of amastigotes in the skin, lymph nodes and liver of dogs positive for VL [25], but in the spleen, iNOS expression was associated with clinical decline and high parasitism. [8] To verify that the dogs positive for VL were producing NO and its participation in the immune response to the infection, the level of NO producing cells in the blood and spleen of the positive dogs and control group dogs was determined, as well as the NO percentage produced by these cells.…”

Section: Determination Of Nitric Oxide Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dogs with VL exhibit high T-cell apoptosis rates in the peripheral blood and spleen [8]. In healthy mononuclear cell cultures infected with Leishmania infantum a gradual increase in apoptosis was observed in CD3 + , CD4 + and CD8 + T cells [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellular apoptosis and nitric oxide production in PBMC and spleen from dogs with visceral leishmaniasis

Martini

Andrade

Almeida

et al. 2018

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the death of the Leishmania parasite and regulation of apoptosis. We quantified the frequency of cells producing NO and its levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), leukocytes from spleen in Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) symptomatic dogs and correlated NO levels with apoptosis and parasite load in the spleen. The percentage of NO+ cells and CD14+/NO+ was higher in PBMC and spleen cells in infected dogs than in controls. The levels of NO+ and CD14+/NO+ cells was higher in PBMC, but lower spleen of dogs infected than compared to control. Late apoptosis rates increased in PBMC and spleen of infected dogs compared to controls, and the NO levels and apoptosis not showed correlation. There was a positive correlation between the percentage of cells producing NO in the spleen and parasite load. The NO participates in the immune response in the canine VL, but it is not apoptosis inducer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Determination Of Nitric Oxide Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cellular apoptosis and nitric oxide production in PBMC and spleen from dogs with visceral leishmaniasis

Martini

Andrade

Almeida

et al. 2018

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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“…The other primate species that had PCR-positive blood samples in the same study were Alouatta guariba, Cebus xanthosternos, Leonthopitecus crysomelas, Aotus nigriceps, Pithecia irrorata and Saguinus imperator (Malta et al., 2010). In the zoo in Bauru/SP, Leishmania amazonensis was detected by PCR-RFLP in a spider monkey Ateles paniscus from the endemic Amazon region (Lima et al., 2012b) (Table 1). …”

Section: Leishmania Hosts and Putative Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild and synanthropic reservoirs of Leishmania species in the Americas

Roque

Jansen

2014

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

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“…L. chagasi ) was confirmed by PCR and immunohistochemistry [ 12 ]. In another case in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil, Leishmania amazonensis was detected by molecular methods in blood samples from a captive spider monkey ( Ateles paniscus ), which showed weight loss and pale mucous membranes [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of Leishmania infantum infection in the endangered orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus) in Madrid, Spain

Miró

Troyano²,

Montoya

et al. 2018

Parasites Vectors

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BackgroundSome wild animals have been recognized as potential reservoirs of Leishmania infantum infection (e.g. carnivores, lagomorphs, rodents, etc.). Leishmania infantum was also identified infecting humans and lagomorphs (i.e. hares and rabbits) over the period of 2009–2016, with the latter acting as the main reservoirs involved in the human leishmaniosis outbreak in Madrid.ResultsTwo cases of clinical leishmaniosis are reported in orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus) housed at two different centres in Madrid. The first is the case of a 36-year-old male orangutan with severe weight loss and apathy. A complete blood count and biochemical profile revealed anaemia, neutropenia, hypoalbuminaemia and elevated transaminases. Hepato-splenomegaly was also observed. Four months later, due to worsening of clinical signs (mainly bilateral epistaxis), blood and bone marrow samples were collected. Amastigotes of L. infantum were detected in macrophages from a bone marrow aspirate and by specific polymerase chain reaction. The second case was a 34-year-old female orangutan with severe weight loss and apathy and no other apparent clinical signs. A complete blood count and biochemical profile revealed anaemia, pancytopenia and hypoalbuminaemia. Splenomegaly and pericardial effusion were also observed. As leishmaniosis was included in the differential diagnosis, both blood and bone marrow samples were collected. Leishmania infantum infection was confirmed by microscopy, molecular diagnosis and serology (immunofluorescence antibody test). Both animals were treated daily with oral miltefosine for 28 days; allopurinol was also given uninterruptedly in Case 2 for at least 6 months. During follow-up, though good clinical recovery was clear, a lack of parasitological cure was confirmed molecularly in both blood and bone marrow samples from the two orangutans. In both habitats, the presence of the sand fly vector identified as Phlebotomus perniciosus was confirmed.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first report of L. infantum infection in great apes and in the endangered species P. p. pygmaeus. We are presently looking for L. infantum in other non-human primates living in the same peri-urban areas. If detected, we will examine the impacts of this serious disease on these critically endangered species.

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MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS OFLEISHMANIA AMAZONENSISIN A CAPTIVE SPIDER MONKEY IN BAURU, SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

Cited by 15 publications

References 8 publications

Cellular apoptosis and nitric oxide production in PBMC and spleen from dogs with visceral leishmaniasis

Cellular apoptosis and nitric oxide production in PBMC and spleen from dogs with visceral leishmaniasis

Wild and synanthropic reservoirs of Leishmania species in the Americas

First report of Leishmania infantum infection in the endangered orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus) in Madrid, Spain

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