Wild and synanthropic reservoirs of Leishmania species in the Americas

Roque, André Luiz Rodrigues; Jansen, Ana Maria

doi:10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.08.004

Cited by 230 publications

(252 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…Currently, L. braziliensis is considered a dermotrophic species in the human leishmaniasis disease complex, with isolation and detection of this species in the viscera only in cases of immunologically compromised patients GONTIJO et al, 2002). In wild and synantropic animals (considered potential reservoirs for L. braziliensis), such a distinction regarding tissue tropism does not exist (ROQUE et al, 2010;ROQUE & JANSEN, 2014), and the parasite may be detected in many organs. In dogs, this species has only been detected in cutaneous lesions (MADEIRA et al, 2005;DANTAS-TORRES, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molecular characterization indicated that Brazilian H. canis was closely related to isolates from Japan, presented 99% nucleotide identity with isolates from Israel and was found to be distantly related to H. americanum (RUBINI et al, 2005). In the following years, canine hepatozoonosis has also been described in several Brazilian regions (RUBINI et al, 2008;MIRANDA et al, 2014;GONÇALVES et al, 2014;RAMOS et al, 2015;DEMONER et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Hepatozoon canis and Leishmania spp. coinfection in dogs diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis

Morgado

Cavalcanti

Miranda

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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This study describes the occurrence of dogs naturally co-infected with Hepatozoon canis and two Leishmania species: L. infantum or L. braziliensis. Four dogs serologically diagnosed with Visceral Leishmaniasis were euthanized. Liver and spleen samples were collected for histopathological analysis and DNA isolation. H. canis meronts were observed in tissues from all four dogs. H. canis infection was confirmed by PCR followed by sequencing of a fragment of 18S rRNA gene. Leishmania detection and typing was confirmed by ITS1' PCR-RFLP and parasite burden was calculated using ssrRNA quantitative qPCR. A DPP -Dual Path platform test was performed. One out (Dog #2) of four animals was asymptomatic. Dogs #1 and #4 were infected by L. infantum and were DPP test positive. Dogs #2 and #3 were infected by L. braziliensis and were DPP test negative. Furthermore, visceral dissemination was observed in Dogs #2 and #3, since L. braziliensis was detected in liver and spleen samples. The visceral dissemination of L. braziliensis associated with systemic signs suggested that this co-infection could influence the parasite burden and disease progression.Keywords: Hepatozoonosis, canine visceral leishmaniasis, Leishmania infantum, Hepatozoon canis, co-infection, Leishmania braziliensis. ResumoO presente estudo descreve a ocorrência de coinfecção com Hepatozoon canis e duas espécies de Leishmania (L. infantum ou L. braziliensis) em cães. Quatro cães sorologicamente diagnosticados com leishmaniose visceral foram eutanasiados. Amostras do baço e fígado foram submetidas à histopatologia e extração de DNA. Merontes de H. canis foram observados nos quatro cães. A infecção por H. canis foi confirmada por PCR e sequenciamento de um fragmento do gene 18S rRNA. A infecção por Leishmania e tipagem foram realizadas por PCR-RFLP do região intergênica ITS1. A carga parasitária foi calculada pela qPCR quantitativa baseada no gene ssrRNA. O teste DPP -Dual Path platform foi realizado. Apenas o Cão #2 era assintomático. Os cães #1 e #4 estavam infectados com L. infantum e foram positivos no DPP. Os cães #2 e #3 estavam infectados com L. braziliensis e foram negativos no DPP. Além disso, visceralização foi observada nos cães #2 e #3, nos quais L. braziliensis foi detectada em amostras de baço e fígado. A visceralização da L. braziliensis associada a sinais clínicos sistêmicos sugerem que esta coinfecção pode ter influenciado na carga parasitária e progressão da doença.Palavras-chave: Hepatozoonose, leishmaniose visceral canina, Leishmania infantum, Hepatozoon canis, coinfecção, Leishmania braziliensis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hepatozoon canis and Leishmania spp. coinfection in dogs diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis

Morgado

Cavalcanti

Miranda

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…For L. panamensis and L. guyanensis, an important reservoir has been identiied to be Choloepus hofmanni sloths [36].…”

Section: Study Of Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Eco-Epidemiological Method in the Study of Leishmaniasis Transmission Foci

Vélez¹,

Carrillo²,

Cadena³

et al. 2017

The Epidemiology and Ecology of Leishmaniasis

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The study of transmission foci involves the clinical characterization of disease within a focus using active surveillance of human cases, characterization of the population group that is most frequently infected or at highest risk of becoming infected, diagnosis and treatment of infected people and identiication of the conceptions, atitudes, beliefs and practices related to the disease. An entomological survey is necessary to determine the geographical distribution of species and incrimination of vector species, the ecological characteristics of the zone (macro-focus), times of the year and day of highest biting activity and places in homes in which the most frequent contact between the people and the vectors occurs. A survey of peri-domestic and wild mammals in the area is advisable to try to identify potential reservoir hosts. Using this information, it is feasible to design speciic and accurate prevention and efective, rational and economic control measures and deine the times of the year and locations in which these measures must be applied.In this chapter, a description of the application of the eco-epidemiological method to the study of leishmaniasis transmission foci is provided. A special emphasis is placed on the methodology, multidisciplinary work and analysis of indings.

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“…and are considered as a potential reservoir due to its broad distribution throughout Latin America, in both rural and urban areas (32)(33)(34).…”

Section: On the Other Hand Possums (Didelphis Marsupialis) Have Beenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leishmaniasis visceral en América Latina y perspectivas terapéuticas

Yasnot

2017

Rev MVZ Córdoba

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In Latin America, visceral leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania infantum. In this geographical area, main vectors associated with transmission are Lutzomyia longipalpis and Lutzomyia evansi, with dogs being incriminated as the main reservoir involved in transmission of the disease. This pathology primarily affects children between 0 -5 years, a highly susceptible population where socio-economic, environmental and nutritional factors affects the pathological outcome and increase the likelihood of vector-human contact. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended treatment for Visceral Leishmaniasis is liposomal amphotericin B, a drug with a limited and variable availability between countries depending on market prices, which leaves pentavalent antimonial as the most widely used treatment despite the associated toxic effects. In the Americas, evidence on the efficacy of single-dose (monotherapy) and combination therapies as options for treating these parasites is required. Disease, drug therapy, Leishmania infantum, Lutzomyia, vector (Source: MeSH). Keywords: RESUMENLa Leishmaniasis visceral es una enfermedad causada en América Latina por Leishmania infantum, en esta área geográfica los principales vectores asociados a la transmisión son Lutzomyia longipalpis y Lutzomyia evansi, siendo el perro uno de los principales reservorios incriminados en su transmisión. Es una patología que afecta principalmente a la población infantil entre los 0 a 5 años, donde los factores socioeconómicos, ambientales y nutricionales son determinantes en el contacto con el insecto vector y el desenlace patológico. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud el tratamiento recomendando para esta patología es la Anfotericina B liposomal, sin embargo, la disponibilidad del medicamento por el costo varía entre los diferentes países, dejando antimoniales pentavalentes como opción más utilizada, pese a los efectos tóxicos asociados. En el continente americano se requiere evidencia de la eficacia de monoterapias de una solo dosis y terapias combinadas, como opciones para el tratamiento de estas parasitosis. INTRODUCCIÓNLa Leishmaniasis visceral (LV) es una parasitosis causada por un protozoo flagelado del género Leishmania, en América Latina la especie responsable de esta forma clínica es Leishmania infantum, su ciclo de transmisión involucra un insecto vector perteneciente al género Lutzomyia, y animales reservorios, como el perro que se destaca por su papel en el ciclo de transmisión doméstica (1).El proceso infeccioso inicia cuando una hembra hematófaga del genero Lutzomyia se alimenta de sangre del hospedador liberando de sus glándulas salivares promastigotes metacíclicos, los cuales son fagocitados principalmente por macrófagos locales, al interior se transforman en amastigotes que se reproducen intracelularmente. Tras la ruptura del macrófago los amastigotes son liberados con la capacidad de infectar nuevas células, posteriormente migran al hígado, medula ósea y bazo (2) alterando la arquitectura esplénica y produc...

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Wild and synanthropic reservoirs of Leishmania species in the Americas

Abstract: Graphical Abstract

Cited by 230 publications

References 136 publications

Hepatozoon canis and Leishmania spp. coinfection in dogs diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis

Hepatozoon canis and Leishmania spp. coinfection in dogs diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis

Application of the Eco-Epidemiological Method in the Study of Leishmaniasis Transmission Foci

Leishmaniasis visceral en América Latina y perspectivas terapéuticas

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