Molecular detection of<i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i>in bats of the Amazon biome in Pará state, Brazil

Silva, Josileide Araújo da; Scofield, R. Hal; Barros, Fabrício José Brito; Farias, Diana Maria de; Riet-Correa, Gabriela; Júnior, Pedro Soares Bezerra; Santos, Tiago Felipe Souza; Tavares, Gabriel Sávio Fernandes; Trevelin, Leonardo Carreira; Paz, Giselle Souza da; Cerqueira, Valíria Duarte

doi:10.1111/tbed.13740

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Second, the COVID-19 associated pulmonary damage or the corticosteroid therapy used in the management of severe COVID-19 cases may reactivate latent H. capsulatum foci inside the lungs. This is likely what could have happened with the patient from case 2, who probably had already been previously infected by this fungal agent as he lives in an area with bats, the major animal involved in histoplasmosis transmission and dissemination [ 23 , 24 ]. However, the remarkable presence of lymph node enlargement suggests primary disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Pulmonary Histoplasmosis Following COVID-19: Novel Laboratorial Methods Aiding Diagnosis

Macedo¹,

Freitas²,

Bártholo

et al. 2021

JoF

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The acute form of histoplasmosis usually occurs after the exposition of more than one individual to a common environmental source harboring Histoplasma capsulatum. Here, we present two cases of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis seen within two weeks at a reference center for infectious diseases at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The patients did not present a common epidemiologic history for histoplasmosis, however both presented COVID-19 before the onset of histoplasmosis symptoms. Due to the difficulties in the diagnosis of acute histoplasmosis, novel laboratory methods such as Western Blot and PCR were included in the investigation of these cases. Both patients presented negative cultures for H. capsulatum and negative urinary galactomannan. However, they presented H and M bands in the Western blot as well as a positive H. capsulatum DNA detection in sputum. These results were available approximately 36 h after sample collection, fastening the beginning of treatment of one patient. Both patients progressed well with itraconazole treatment. These cases suggest that COVID-19 may facilitate the development of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis and, therefore, clinicians must be aware of this differential diagnosis in patients from endemic areas with fever and coughing after recovery from COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Pulmonary Histoplasmosis Following COVID-19: Novel Laboratorial Methods Aiding Diagnosis

Macedo¹,

Freitas²,

Bártholo

et al. 2021

JoF

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“…76 The use of corticosteroid treatment in Covid-19 in severely affected Covid-19 patients may also reactivate latent pulmonary histoplasmosis. 80 Diagnosis of pulmonary histoplasmosis is difficult by culture and sensitivity, though molecular-based and antigenic detection could be effective diagnostic methods. 81 SARS-CoV-2 infectioninduced immune dysregulation could be the potential cause of the development of invasive fungal infections.…”

Section: Covid-19 and Pulmonary Histoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The underlying causes for the development of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis in Covid‐19 could be related to lung injury and inflammation induced by Covid‐19 76 . The use of corticosteroid treatment in Covid‐19 in severely affected Covid‐19 patients may also reactivate latent pulmonary histoplasmosis 80 . Diagnosis of pulmonary histoplasmosis is difficult by culture and sensitivity, though molecular‐based and antigenic detection could be effective diagnostic methods 81 .…”

Section: Covid‐19 and Pulmonary Histoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights on Covid‐19 with superimposed pulmonary histoplasmosis: The possible nexus

Almutawif,

Al‐kuraishy,

Al‐Gareeb

et al. 2023

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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A novel coronavirus (CoV) known as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV type 2 is the causative agent for the development of CoV disease 2019 (Covid‐19). Covid‐19 may increase the risk of developing pulmonary histoplasmosis due to immune dysregulation. In addition, Covid‐19 may enhance the propagation of acute pulmonary histoplasmosis due to lung injury and inflammation, and using corticosteroids in severely affected Covid‐19 patients may reactivate latent pulmonary histoplasmosis. Likewise, activation of inflammatory signaling pathways during H. capsulatum infection may increase the severity of Covid‐19 and vice versa. Furthermore, lymphopenia in Covid‐19 may increase the risk for the progress of pulmonary histoplasmosis besides activation of inflammatory signaling pathways during H. capsulatum infection may increase the severity of Covid‐19 and vice versa. Therefore, this critical review aimed to find the potential link between Covid‐19 pneumonia and pulmonary histoplasmosis concerning the immunological response.

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“…These live as saprobes, but once inside a warm-blooded vertebrate, they display a specialized invasive phase adapted to the host [ 22 , 27 ]. Following infection, environmental pathogens can be dispersed in the environment through defecation (e.g., Histoplasma capsulatum ) [ 28 ] or potentially escape the host’s body upon death (e.g., Coccidioides immitis ) [ 22 ]. On the other hand, opportunistic fungi are non-transmissible among hosts, and upon death of the host, the fungus dies as well [ 22 ].…”

Section: Terminology For Animal-associated Fungal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Animal-Associated Fungal Diseases

Carpouron

Hoog

Gentekaki

et al. 2022

JoF

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The Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections (GAFFI) estimates that fungal diseases kill around 150 people each hour, and yet they are globally overlooked and neglected. Histoplasma and Talaromyces, which are associated with wildlife, cause systemic infections that are often lethal in patients with impaired cellular immunity. Dermatophytes that cause outbreaks in human hosts are often associated with domesticated animals. Changes in human behavior have been identified as a main cause of the emergence of animal-associated fungal diseases in humans, sometimes caused by the disturbance of natural habitats. An understanding of ecology and the transmission modes of causative agents is therefore essential. Here, we focus on fungal diseases contracted from wildlife and domesticated animals, their habitats, feces and carcasses. We discuss some basic fungal lifestyles and the risk of transmission to humans and illustrate these with examples from emerging and established diseases.

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Molecular detection ofHistoplasma capsulatumin bats of the Amazon biome in Pará state, Brazil

Cited by 9 publications

References 49 publications

Acute Pulmonary Histoplasmosis Following COVID-19: Novel Laboratorial Methods Aiding Diagnosis

Acute Pulmonary Histoplasmosis Following COVID-19: Novel Laboratorial Methods Aiding Diagnosis

Insights on Covid‐19 with superimposed pulmonary histoplasmosis: The possible nexus

Emerging Animal-Associated Fungal Diseases

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