Molecular detection of hepatitis E virus in wild boar population in eastern Romania

Porea, Daniela; Aniţă, A.; Demange, Antonin; Răileanu, Cristian; Ludu, L.; Aniţă, D.; Savuța, Gheorghe; Pavio, Nicole

doi:10.1111/tbed.12736

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Recent studies in Europe revealed molecular evidence for HEV infection in wild boar and high HEV seroprevalences [24][25][26][27][28]. The HEV disease-dynamic in wild boar is similar to domestic pigs; the infection frequency also increases with age as well as the possibility of viral chronification [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Hepatitis E Virus Seroprevalence in Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar in Bulgaria

Takova

Koynarski

Minkov

et al. 2020

Animals

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(1) Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a causative agent of acute viral hepatitis, predominantly transmitted by the fecal–oral route. In developed countries, HEV is considered to be an emerging pathogen since the number of autochthonous cases is rising. Hepatitis E is a viral disease with a proven zoonotic potential for some of its genotypes. The main viral reservoirs are domestic pigs and wild boar. Consumption of undercooked meat, as well as occupational exposure, are key factors for the spread of HEV. In order to evaluate the risks of future viral evolution, a detailed examination of the ecology and distribution of the virus is needed. The aim of the present study is to investigate the prevalence of anti-HEV IgG Ab in domestic pigs and wild boar in Bulgaria; (2) Methods: In this study, during the period of three years between 2017 and 2019, 433 serum samples from 19 different pig farms and 1 slaughterhouse were collected and analyzed. In addition, 32 samples from wild boar were also collected and analyzed during the 2018–2019 hunting season. All samples were analyzed by commercial indirect ELISA; (3) Results: Overall, HEV seroprevalence was 60% (95% CI 42.7–77.1) in domestic pigs and 12.5% (4/32) in wild boar. The observed seroprevalence of the slaughter-aged pigs was 73.65% (95% Cl 58.7–87.3). Prevalence in domestic pigs was significantly higher in the samples collected during 2019 (98% (95% Cl 96.1–99.9)) compared to those collected during 2017 (45.33% (95% CI 2.7–87.3)) and 2018 (38.46% (95% CI 29.1–49.7.); (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that domesticated pigs and wild boar might be the reason for the increased HEV transmission across Bulgaria. The genotypic characterization of HEV found in pigs, wild boar and humans will give a more accurate view of the zoonotic transmission of this virus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing Hepatitis E Virus Seroprevalence in Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar in Bulgaria

Takova

Koynarski

Minkov

et al. 2020

Animals

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“…In addition, extrahepatic sites of virus replication have been shown. HEV also efficiently replicates in the spleen, and to a lesser extent in the kidneys, lungs and lymph nodes [ 21 , 22 , 23 ]. As with pigs, a periodic shedding of the virus in the faeces of wild boars has also been observed [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild Boar as a Sylvatic Reservoir of Hepatitis E Virus in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Population Study

Kozyra

Jabłoński

Bigoraj

et al. 2020

Viruses

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The most important wildlife species in the epidemiology of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections are wild boars, which are also the main reservoir of the virus in a sylvatic environment. The aim of the study was a serological and molecular assessment of the prevalence of HEV infections in wild boars in Poland. In total, 470 pairs of samples (wild boar blood and livers) and 433 samples of faeces were tested. An ELISA (ID.vet, France) was used for serological analysis. For the detection of HEV RNA, real-time (RT)-qPCR was employed. The presence of specific anti-HEV IgG antibodies was found in 232 (49.4%; 95%CI: 44.7–54%) sera, with regional differences observed in the seroprevalence of infections. HEV RNA was detected in 57 (12.1%, 95%CI: 9.3–15.4%) livers and in 27 (6.2%, 95%CI: 4.1–8.9%) faecal samples, with the viral load ranging from 1.4 to 1.7 × 1011 G.C./g and 38 to 9.3 × 107 G.C./mL, respectively. A correlation between serological and molecular results of testing of wild boars infected with HEV was shown. HEV infections in wild boars appeared to be common in Poland.

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“…Hepatitis E virus is a zoonotic pathogen with pigs and wild boars serving as natural reservoirs, especially for zoonotic genotypes HEV‐3 and HEV‐4 . Considering the identification of HEV new isolations in disparate animal species, it is obvious that HEV has a broad host range including pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs, horses, rats, cows, sheep, goats and ferrets .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of hepatitis E virus genotypes 3 and 4 in donkeys in northern China

Pan

Zhao²,

Shen

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of acute self‐limiting hepatitis in humans in developing countries. Hepatitis E virus RNA was first detected in donkeys in Spain, but little is known about the possible presence of HEV in donkeys in China. Objectives To investigate the prevalence of HEV in donkeys in northern China. Study design Investigation of the prevalence of HEV in donkeys using serological, molecular and phylogenetic approaches. Methods A total of 401 donkey serum specimens were tested for serological and molecular detection of HEV via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The amplified products were cloned in pMD18‐T vector and sequenced. The alignment and phylogenetic analysis of partial HEV ORF2 genes were compared with the corresponding sequences of the obtained HEV representative strains. Results Serological results showed that 49 donkeys (12.22%, 95% CI: 9.18–15.83%) were positive for anti‐HEV‐specific antibodies, and 17 donkeys (4.24%, 95% CI: 2.49–6.70%) were positive for HEV viral RNA. On the basis of sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, all isolated HEV strains belonged to genotype 3 (HEV‐3) or HEV‐4, sharing more than 76.2–96.3% identities with 67 other HEV representative strains of HEV‐1 to HEV‐8. Main limitations Further studies about the prevalence of HEV in organs or faecal samples from donkeys are needed to evaluate the possible role of HEV reservoir and to determine the risk factors associated with the transmission of this zoonotic virus in donkeys in China. Conclusions This is the first report documenting the molecular analysis of donkey HEV strains worldwide and the serological evidence of HEV infection in donkeys in northern China. The results suggest that young donkeys are more susceptible to HEV infection compared with older donkeys. Further investigation is required to determine whether donkeys should be considered reservoirs for zoonotic HEV. The Summary is available in Chinese ‐ see Supporting information

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Molecular detection of hepatitis E virus in wild boar population in eastern Romania

Cited by 26 publications

References 43 publications

Increasing Hepatitis E Virus Seroprevalence in Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar in Bulgaria

Increasing Hepatitis E Virus Seroprevalence in Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar in Bulgaria

Wild Boar as a Sylvatic Reservoir of Hepatitis E Virus in Poland: A Cross-Sectional Population Study

Detection of hepatitis E virus genotypes 3 and 4 in donkeys in northern China

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