Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of a mouse Y chromosome RNA transcript expressed in the test is

Bishop, Colin E.; Hatat, D.

doi:10.1093/nar/15.7.2959

Cited by 110 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Thus, the Y353/B Y chromosome-specific marker 18) was chosen, because 30 copies of the cognate and 250 copies of related sequences exist along the length of the Y chromosome. 29) This chromosomal marker has been used as a hemizygous marker for liver sections 30) and for transplanted hepatocytes 31) with strong reproducibility. The Y chromosome-specific marker can visualize XY cells directly even when the chimerism ratio is extreme so that Sry SSLP analysis is impossible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse Strain Susceptibility to Diethylnitrosamine Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis Is Cell Autonomous Whereas Sex‐susceptibility Is Due to the Micro‐environment: Analysis with C3H ↔ BALB/c Sexually Chimeric Mice

Tsukamoto

Inada

Fukami

et al. 2000

Japanese Journal of Cancer Research

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In man, liver cancer is on the increase, especially in males. Sex differences also exist in rodent models. To elucidate the mechanisms, chimeric mice were produced by amalgamation of early embryos from high and low hepatocarcinogen-susceptible strains, C3H and BALB/c. Tumor formation was initiated with 10 mg/kg of diethylnitrosamine at the ages of 7 and 14 days and mice were sacrificed at 30 and 45 weeks. The chimeras were classified into XY ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔XY, XY ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔XX, XX ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔XY, and XX ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔XX in terms of sex chromosomes by means of polymerase chain reaction-simple sequence length polymorphism analysis (SSLP) using Y chromosome-specific Sry primers in combination with the D3Mit21 marker. Liver lesions were analyzed histopathologically, by immunostaining using a C3H strain-specific antibody and by DNA in situ hybridization with the Y chromosomespecific digoxigenin-labeled Y353/B probe. Sex and strain genotyping by SSLP analysis matched histological observations, confirming the reliability of our system. The strain differences in liver tumor numbers of each strain type in XY↔ ↔ ↔ ↔XY and XX ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔XX subtypes of C3H↔ ↔ ↔ ↔BALB/c chimeras were retained well (P < < < <0.0001 and P < < < <0.001, respectively), indicating a minimum influence of the C3H or BALB/c surrounding milieu on development of individual lesions. On the other hand, significant promotion of XX cell tumors was evident in phenotypically male sexually chimeric XY ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔XX and XX ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔XY chimeras for both C3H (P < < < <0.02) and BALB/c (P < < < <0.01) lesions compared to the XX ↔ ↔ ↔ ↔XX case. The results suggest the presence of hormonal or micro-environmental factors specific for males, which are not caused cell-autonomously. Basic strain differences, however, are determined by intrinsic genetic factors rather than the strain-dependent micro-environment.Key words: Chimera -Hepatocarcinogenesis -Strain susceptibilityIn man, the occurrence of primary liver cancer has been on the increase for several years, changes in rates being more marked in males than in females. 1) In Japan, 1996 death rates for intrahepatic neoplasia were 37.5 and 14.6/ 100 000 for males and females, respectively, according to the National Health and Welfare Statistics. 2)In rodent models, there also are sex differences in spontaneous and carcinogen-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, males being more susceptible than females.3, 4) One fundamental question is whether the sex differences are cellautonomous or caused by hormonal or micro-environmental factors. To address this issue, Kemp et al. 5) utilized Tfm (testicular feminization) mutant mice and showed that liver tumor promotion by testosterone required a functional androgen receptor in the intact animal. Other researchers reported that castration of males reduced the incidence of carcinomas and adenomatous nodules in 3′ ′ ′ ′-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3′-Me-DAB)-treated 6) and in N,N-diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-treated mice.7) The results with DEN-initiated and 2-acetylaminofluorenetreated rats appear similar. 8) Furth...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mouse Strain Susceptibility to Diethylnitrosamine Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis Is Cell Autonomous Whereas Sex‐susceptibility Is Due to the Micro‐environment: Analysis with C3H ↔ BALB/c Sexually Chimeric Mice

Tsukamoto

Inada

Fukami

et al. 2000

Japanese Journal of Cancer Research

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“…All ES cell lines were controlled for a correct karyotype by chromosome counts on Giemsa-stained metaphases, and their sex was determined by hybridization of Southern-blotted genomic DNA with a Y chromosome-specific probe (1). ES cell lines derived from mice heterozygous for the APC Min mutation were further characterized for the presence or absence of the APC Min allele with a PCR assay of genomic DNA with primers 5Ј-GCCATCCCTTCACGTTAG-3Ј (0.02 M), 5Ј-TTCCACTTTGGCATAAGGC-3Ј (1.0 M), and 5Ј-TTCTGAG AAAGACAGAAGTTA-3Ј (3.5 M) and cycling conditions of 94°C for 5 min, 56°C for 2 min, and 72°C for 3 min for 28 cycles, followed by a final extension step at 94°C for 5 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A second group of normal mice (in vitro controls) were raised from B6129S6F 1 zygotes that were treated like B6D2F 1 tetraploid blastocysts except that electrofusion and ES cell injections were omitted. B6129S6F 1 Min allele with a specific PCR assay with tail DNA as described above. ES and control mice were born in the same week and raised under the same housing conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Tetraploid Mice Show Apparently Normal Morphological, Physiological, and Neurological Characteristics

Schwenk

Zevnik

Röhl

et al. 2003

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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ES cell-tetraploid (ES) mice are completely derived from embryonic stem cells and can be obtained at high efficiency upon injection of hybrid ES cells into tetraploid blastocysts. This method allows the immediate generation of targeted mouse mutants from genetically modified ES cell clones, in contrast to the standard protocol, which involves the production of chimeras and several breeding steps. To provide a baseline for the analysis of ES mouse mutants, we performed a phenotypic characterization of wild-type B6129S6F 1 ES mice in relation to controls of the same age, sex, and genotype raised from normal matings. The comparison of 90 morphological, physiological, and behavioral parameters revealed elevated body weight and hematocrit as the only major difference of ES mice, which exhibited an otherwise normal phenotype. We further demonstrate that ES mouse mutants can be produced from mutant hybrid ES cells and analyzed within a period of only 4 months. Thus, ES mouse technology is a valid research tool for rapidly elucidating gene function in vivo.The standard protocol to derive mouse mutants currently requires the production of germ line chimeras from heterozygous targeted embryonic stem (ES) cells, followed by at least two breeding steps to obtain homozygous mutants (2). Thus, the production of a mutant strain is a time-intensive task exceeding 12 months prior to the analysis of adult mutants. In addition, substantial resources are required for the breeding and genotyping of several hundred mice involved in a typical knockout project. Besides this classical approach, conditional gene targeting through Cre/LoxP-mediated recombination is increasingly used as it allows the spatial and temporal control of gene inactivation (13,21). Given that a Cre transgene needs to be introduced via additional breeding steps, the production of conditional knockout mice involves four reproductive cycles requiring at least 16 months before the target gene's function can be analyzed in vivo.Due to these extensive timelines, the impact of targeted mutants in high-throughput functional genome analysis is currently limited, creating a demand for a time-saving single-step procedure. Cloning of mice does not provide a viable alternative because the nuclear transplantation procedure is inefficient and a variety of abnormalities have been described in cloned mice which likely result from incomplete genome reprogramming (8,17,25,30). Alternatively, ES cell-tetraploid (ES) mice can be produced in a single step through the introduction of diploid ES cells into tetraploid blastocysts (16). The latter provide an initial host environment for the differentiation of ES cells but do not contribute to the embryo at later developmental stages. Although the methodology to produce ES mice from inbred ES cell lines was described more than a decade ago, its application was limited due to the extremely low frequency at which viable ES pups are recovered (16).Recently, this technology was significantly improved through the discovery that ES cell lines de...

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“…Three separate Spin/Ssty repeat modules, generally thought to be independent functional units, are considered to indispensably compose the structural and functional integrity of all known spin family proteins. In mice, Spin transcripts first appear in unfertilized eggs and two-cell stage embryos, but disappear after the eight-cell stage (Oh et al, 1997); while Ssty transcripts are specifically expressed in sperm cells (Bishop and Hatat, 1987). It has been discovered in mice that phosphorylation of Spin at the serine or threonine residue is essential for its proper function interacting with the spindle (Oh et al, 1997(Oh et al, , 1998.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of a Spindlin homolog in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

Wang

Sun

Mei

et al. 2005

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry an

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Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of a mouse Y chromosome RNA transcript expressed in the test is

Cited by 110 publications

References 19 publications

Mouse Strain Susceptibility to Diethylnitrosamine Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis Is Cell Autonomous Whereas Sex‐susceptibility Is Due to the Micro‐environment: Analysis with C3H ↔ BALB/c Sexually Chimeric Mice

Mouse Strain Susceptibility to Diethylnitrosamine Induced Hepatocarcinogenesis Is Cell Autonomous Whereas Sex‐susceptibility Is Due to the Micro‐environment: Analysis with C3H ↔ BALB/c Sexually Chimeric Mice

Hybrid Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Tetraploid Mice Show Apparently Normal Morphological, Physiological, and Neurological Characteristics

Identification of a Spindlin homolog in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio)

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