Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a cDNA Encoding Asparagine Synthetase from Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>L.) Cell Cultures

Yamagata, Hiroshi; Nakajima, Ayumi; Bowler, Chris; Iwasaki, Teruo

doi:10.1271/bbb.62.148

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…, 1996), soybean ( Glycine max , accession no. , Yamagata et al. , 1998), Arabidopsis ASN 1 ( A. thaliana , accession no. )…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pepper asparagine synthetase 1 (CaAS1) is required for plant nitrogen assimilation and defense responses to microbial pathogens

Hwang

2011

The Plant Journal

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SUMMARYAsparagine synthetase is a key enzyme in the production of the nitrogen-rich amino acid asparagine, which is crucial to primary nitrogen metabolism. Despite its importance physiologically, the roles that asparagine synthetase plays during plant defense responses remain unknown. Here, we determined that pepper (Capsicum annuum) asparagine synthetase 1 (CaAS1) is essential for plant defense to microbial pathogens. Infection with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) induced early and strong CaAS1 expression in pepper leaves and silencing of this gene resulted in enhanced susceptibility to Xcv infection. Transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants that overexpressed CaAS1 exhibited enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. Increased CaAS1 expression influenced early defense responses in diseased leaves, including increased electrolyte leakage, reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide bursts. In plants, increased conversion of aspartate to asparagine appears to be associated with enhanced resistance to bacterial and oomycete pathogens. In CaAS1-silenced pepper and/or CaAS1-overexpressing Arabidopsis, CaAS1-dependent changes in asparagine levels correlated with increased susceptibility or defense responses to microbial pathogens, respectively. Linking transcriptional and targeted metabolite studies, our results suggest that CaAS1 is required for asparagine synthesis and disease resistance in plants.

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“…, 1996), soybean ( Glycine max , accession no. , Yamagata et al. , 1998), Arabidopsis ASN 1 ( A. thaliana , accession no. )…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pepper asparagine synthetase 1 (CaAS1) is required for plant nitrogen assimilation and defense responses to microbial pathogens

Hwang

2011

The Plant Journal

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“…The expression of plant AS genes is usually limited to particular organs and is negatively regulated by light (Tsai and Coruzzi 1991, Yamagata et al 1998). In contrast, ShAS does not follow this typical pattern since its expression is widespread (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an unusually regulated gene encoding asparagine synthetase in the parasitic plant Striga hermonthica (Scrophulariaceae)

Simier¹,

Delavault²,

Demarsy³

et al. 2004

Physiologia Plantarum

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In the parasitic plant Striga hermonthica (Del. Benth), asparagine synthesis plays a prominent role in the metabolism of the host-derived nitrogen and in the detoxification process of a steady-state N-excess. Here, we show that asparagine synthetase (EC 6.3.5.4), the primary enzyme involved in asparagine production in plants, is encoded in Striga by a small gene family, with at least two AS genes, including the gene called ShAS related to the small class II Asparagine Synthetase genes. The functionality of ShAS was demonstrated by complementation of an E. coli asn auxotroph mutant and its expression was characterized by semiquantitative RT-PCR. The ShAS expression pattern in plants growing under standard light conditions and in light-grown calli differs from the expression pattern of most plant AS genes since ShAS tran-scripts accumulated in all the plant organs and this accumulation was not repressed by light. In contrast, ShAS expression was light-induced in mature leaves and in the chlorophyllous calli. The promoter region of ShAS was also sequenced and characterized and displayed various light-responsive, as well as potential sugar-responsive, cis-elements. A correlation between ShAS expression and asparagine synthesis was demonstrated in the illuminated mature leaves by 15 N-labelling in vivo experiments. ShAS was also shown to be positively regulated in light-grown calli by C-and N-starvation and was associated with senescence-related protein breakdown. ShAS expression was not repressed by light in haustoria, roots, senescing leaves and inflorescences. These findings show that one or more unknown factors of regulation can override light as the major regulator.

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“…These cDNAs probably all encode glutamine‐dependent AS enzymes, not NH 4 + ‐dependent AS enzymes, since the purF ‐type amidotransferase domain was identified in their deduced amino acid sequences. In some species, the expression of AS genes has been found to be negatively regulated by light (Tsai and Coruzzi 1990, Lam et al. 1998, Yamagata et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results suggested that glutamine or glutamine-derived metabolites regulate AS expression in rice roots. (Küster et al 1997), soybean (Hughes et al 1997, Yamagata et al 1998, common bean (Osuna et al 1999) and rice (Watanabe et al 1996). These cDNAs probably all encode glutamine-dependent AS enzymes, not NH 4 πdependent AS enzymes, since the purF-type amidotransferase domain was identified in their deduced amino acid sequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These cDNAs probably all encode glutamine-dependent AS enzymes, not NH 4 πdependent AS enzymes, since the purF-type amidotransferase domain was identified in their deduced amino acid sequences. In some species, the expression of AS genes has been found to be negatively regulated by light (Tsai and Coruzzi 1990, Lam et al 1998, Yamagata et al 1998. It was also shown that the supply of sugars to dark-adapted Arabidopsis or glucose-starved maize root tips repressed the expression of AS genes (Lam et al 1994, Chevalier et al 1996.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression of asparagine synthetase in rice (Oryza sativa) roots in response to nitrogen

Kawachi

Sueyoshi

Nakajima

et al. 2002

Physiologia Plantarum

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The expression of asparagine synthetase (AS; EC 6.3.5.4) in response to externally supplied nitrogen was investigated with respect to enzyme activity and protein levels as detected immunologically in rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings. The asparagine content was very low in leaves and roots of nitrogen-starved rice plants but increased significantly after the supply of 1 mM NH4+ to the nutrient solution. While neither AS activity nor AS protein could be detected in leaves and roots prior to the supply of nitrogen, levels became detectable in roots but not in leaves within 12 h of the supply of 1 mM NH4+ or 10 mM glutamine. Other nitrogen compounds, such as nitrate, glutamate, aspartate and asparagine had no effect. Methionine sulfoximine completely inhibited the NH4+-induced accumulation of AS protein but did not affect the glutamine-induced accumulation of the enzyme. The results suggested that glutamine or glutamine-derived metabolites regulate AS expression in rice roots.

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Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a cDNA Encoding Asparagine Synthetase from Soybean (Glycine maxL.) Cell Cultures

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Pepper asparagine synthetase 1 (CaAS1) is required for plant nitrogen assimilation and defense responses to microbial pathogens

Pepper asparagine synthetase 1 (CaAS1) is required for plant nitrogen assimilation and defense responses to microbial pathogens

Characterization of an unusually regulated gene encoding asparagine synthetase in the parasitic plant Striga hermonthica (Scrophulariaceae)

Expression of asparagine synthetase in rice (Oryza sativa) roots in response to nitrogen

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