Expression of asparagine synthetase in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) roots in response to nitrogen

Kawachi, Tahei; Sueyoshi, Kuni; Nakajima, Ayumi; Yamagata, Hiroshi; Sugimoto, Tsuneaki; Oji, Yoshikiyo

doi:10.1034/j.1399-3054.2002.1140107.x

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Asparagine synthesis is enabled by both the stimulation of dark carbon fixation (Ikeda et al . 1992) and the expression of asparagines synthetase (Kawachi et al . 2002) when ammonium concentrations are high in the roots of leguminous plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provision of carbon skeletons for amide synthesis in non-nodulated soybean and pea roots in response to the source of nitrogen supply

Ueda

Ikeda

Yamakawa

2008

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Soluble amino acids in roots and primary amino acids, which were involved in primary ammonium assimilation, in the metabolites of 14C‐glucose fed to roots for 3 h in the dark were analyzed in the roots of non‐nodulated soybean and pea plants grown in ammonium, nitrate or nitrogen‐free media for 1 day. Compared with the effect of nitrate, ammonium supply strongly affected the content and synthesis of the amino acids in the roots. In both soybean and pea roots, the supply of ammonium increased considerably the concentrations of the primary amino acids, and asparagine was the most predominant amide, followed by glutamine. In nitrate‐supplied soybean roots, the concentrations of asparagine, aspartate and alanine increased, but the concentration of glutamine was low. In the roots of pea plants grown in nitrate media, asparagine was the predominant amino acid, although the composition of the primary amino acids was little affected by nitrate supply. The proportion of amino acids synthesized from 14C‐glucose increased and asparagine rather than glutamine was predominantly synthesized in ammonium‐supplied soybean and pea roots, whereas in nitrate‐supplied roots asparagine was more actively synthesized than glutamine, although asparagine was not predominant. The ratio of C4 (asparagine + aspartate) to C5 (glutamine + glutamate) amino acids was twofold higher in ammonium‐supplied and nitrate‐supplied soybean roots than in roots receiving no nitrogen. In contrast, in pea roots, the C4/C5 ratio was twofold higher only in ammonium nutrition. The results obtained suggest that the roots of leguminous plants might possess an indigenous ability to provide a carbon skeleton for preferential synthesis of asparagine rather than glutamine with a high intensity of ammonium supply.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provision of carbon skeletons for amide synthesis in non-nodulated soybean and pea roots in response to the source of nitrogen supply

Ueda

Ikeda

Yamakawa

2008

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Both enzymes are located in plastids in root cells. 15 N-labeling of asparagine from 15 N-ammonium occurs steadily in the rice roots (Yoneyama and Kumazawa, 1974), and this is probably catalyzed by the glutamine-dependent asparagine synthetase 1 (OsAS1, EC 6.3.5.4; Kawachi et al, 2002; Ohashi et al, 2015). When rice seedlings were treated with 15 N-labeled ammonium sulfate, a rapid labeling of glutamine and a steady labeling of asparagine were detected in the xylem exudates (Yoneyama, 1986).…”

Section: Current Knowledge On the Uptake Assimilation And Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole-Plant Dynamic System of Nitrogen Use for Vegetative Growth and Grain Filling in Rice Plants (Oryza sativa L.) as Revealed through the Production of 350 Grains from a Germinated Seed Over 150 Days: A Review and Synthesis

Yoneyama

Tanno²,

Tatsumi³

et al. 2016

Front. Plant Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A single germinated rice (Oryza sativa L) seed can produce 350 grains with the sequential development of 15 leaves on the main stem and 7–10 leaves on four productive tillers (forming five panicles in total), using nitrogen (N) taken up from the environment over a 150-day growing season. Nitrogen travels from uptake sites to the grain through growing organ-directed cycling among sequentially developed organs. Over the past 40 years, the dynamic system for N allocation during vegetative growth and grain filling has been elucidated through studies on N and 15N transport as well as enzymes and transporters involved. In this review, we synthesize the information obtained in these studies along the following main points: (1) During vegetative growth before grain-filling, about half of the total N in the growing organs, including young leaves, tillers, root tips and differentiating panicles is supplied via phloem from mature source organs such as leaves and roots, after turnover and remobilization of proteins, whereas the other half is newly taken up and supplied via xylem, with an efficient xylem-to-phloem transfer at stem nodes. Thus, the growth of new organs depends equally on both N sources. (2) A large fraction (as much as 80%) of the grain N is derived largely from mature organs such as leaves and stems by degradation, including the autophagy pathway of chloroplast proteins (e.g., Rubisco). (3) Mobilized proteinogenic amino acids (AA), including arginine, lysine, proline and valine, are derived mainly from protein degradation, with AA transporters playing a role in transferring these AAs across cell membranes of source and sink organs, and enabling their efficient reutilization in the latter. On the other hand, AAs such as glutamine, glutamic acid, γ-amino butyric acid, aspartic acid, and alanine are produced by assimilation of newly taken up N by roots and and transported via xylem and phloem. The formation of 350 filled grains over 50 days during the reproductive stage is ascribed mainly to degradation and remobilization of the reserves, previously accumulated over 100 days in the sequentially developed vegetative organs.

show abstract

“…Radish roots treated with 6 mM ammonium for 7 d contained four times more glutamine than asparagine (Ota and Yamamoto 1990). Magalhaes et al (1995) reported that maize roots contained almost the same amount of asparagine as glutamine when maize plants were grown on 10 mM ammonium media for 10 d. In barley and rice roots, the asparagine content was only slightly lower than the glutamine content and the content of both amides increased significantly after the supply of ammonium to the nutrient solution (Rigano et al 1996;Kawachi et al 2002). Amide synthesis in maize and rice roots seems to be similar to that in wheat roots compared to tomato roots because of the high proportion of asparagine among root soluble amino acids of such plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results coincide with those of the amide synthesis from glucose in tomato and wheat roots. Kawachi et al (2002) reported that the asparagine synthetase activity increased in rice roots by the supply of ammonium nitrogen. It is thus considered that the enhancement of the asparagine synthetase activity might be larger in wheat roots than in tomato roots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon skeletons for amide synthesis during ammonium nutrition in tomato and wheat roots

Ikeda

Kusano

Koga

2004

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Expression of asparagine synthetase in rice (Oryza sativa) roots in response to nitrogen

Cited by 24 publications

References 32 publications

Provision of carbon skeletons for amide synthesis in non-nodulated soybean and pea roots in response to the source of nitrogen supply

Provision of carbon skeletons for amide synthesis in non-nodulated soybean and pea roots in response to the source of nitrogen supply

Whole-Plant Dynamic System of Nitrogen Use for Vegetative Growth and Grain Filling in Rice Plants (Oryza sativa L.) as Revealed through the Production of 350 Grains from a Germinated Seed Over 150 Days: A Review and Synthesis

Carbon skeletons for amide synthesis during ammonium nutrition in tomato and wheat roots

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About