Pepper <i>asparagine synthetase 1</i> (<i>CaAS1</i>) is required for plant nitrogen assimilation and defense responses to microbial pathogens

Hwang, In-Sul; An, Soo Hyun; Hwang, Byung Kook

doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04622.x

Cited by 98 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This finding is in agreement with that observed for other Arabidopsisinfecting viruses, such as Cabbage leaf curl virus, Cucumber mosaic virus, and Turnip mosaic virus (Marathe et al, 2004;Yang et al, 2007;Hwang et al, 2011). It is not clear, however, whether elevated amino acid levels in infected leaves are due to selective protein breakdown in this tissue or higher rates of biosynthesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Virus-Induced Alterations in Primary Metabolism Modulate Susceptibility toTobacco rattle virusin Arabidopsis

et al. 2014

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During compatible virus infections, plants respond by reprogramming gene expression and metabolite content. While gene expression studies are profuse, our knowledge of the metabolic changes that occur in the presence of the virus is limited. Here, we combine gene expression and metabolite profiling in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) infected with Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) in order to investigate the influence of primary metabolism on virus infection. Our results revealed that primary metabolism is reconfigured in many ways during TRV infection, as reflected by significant changes in the levels of sugars and amino acids. Multivariate data analysis revealed that these alterations were particularly conspicuous at the time points of maximal accumulation of TRV, although infection time was the dominant source of variance during the process. Furthermore, TRV caused changes in lipid and fatty acid composition in infected leaves. We found that several Arabidopsis mutants deficient in branched-chain amino acid catabolism or fatty acid metabolism possessed altered susceptibility to TRV. Finally, we showed that increments in the putrescine content in TRV-infected plants correlated with enhanced tolerance to freezing stress in TRV-infected plants and that impairment of putrescine biosynthesis promoted virus multiplication. Our results thus provide an interesting overview for a better understanding of the relationship between primary metabolism and virus infection.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Virus-Induced Alterations in Primary Metabolism Modulate Susceptibility toTobacco rattle virusin Arabidopsis

et al. 2014

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“…This result is consistent with the report by Lim et al [9]. Many studies have also demonstrated a role of amino acids in the establishment of resistance against plant pathogens [46] [48] [53], and that the alteration of specific metabolite levels by feeding or genetic manipulation of plant metabolic pathways can lead to resistance against pathogens. Grenville-Briggs et al [54] identified that the biosynthesis of many amino acids was up-regulated in plants by fungi and oomycetes during biotrophic growth and also reported that genes involved in the biosynthesis of methionine, tryptophan, threonine, and branched-chain amino acids were up-regulated in plants after infection.…”

Section: Amino Acid Changes From Different Treatment Groupssupporting

confidence: 83%

Metabolomics Profile of Potato Tubers after Phosphite Treatment

Gao¹,

Locke²,

Zhang³

et al. 2018

AJPS

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Phosphite (Phi)-based fungicides are used to control the oomycete Phytophthora infestans which causes late blight disease, the most devastating disease in potatoes. In order to examine the effects of Phi-based fungicides on potato tubers through foliar or post-harvest application, a metabolite profiling approach based on gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been established. A total of 132 metabolites were detected using the GC-MS approach. Among these, 34 metabolites were identified after normalization and annotated with a compound name with standard mass spectral library. Metabolomic analysis of Phi-treated plants showed significant differences in the levels of many metabolites especially amino acids. Multivariate statistical approaches, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), were employed to explore the relationships between metabolites to detect group differences. A good discrimination between the control and the Phi-treated plants was observed, which demonstrated that significant changes in the metabolite profile have been caused by the two different Phi applications (foliar or post-harvest). This finding suggests that the alteration of specific metabolite levels by accumulation of Phi can lead to resistance against the pathogen.

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“…7 For instance, an early (5 hpi) induction of AS1 in pepper was shown to be involved in resistance against the hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria, while later (15-20 hpi) induction of the enzyme (during the necrotrophic phase of the pathogen infection) was associated with susceptibility. 8 Taking advantage of the abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient sitiens mutant of tomato, which displays high levels of immunity against the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea), [9][10][11] our research aims to decipher the molecular underpinnings of necrotroph resistance in plants. In our latest study, we showed that the observed resistance response in sitiens is dependent on timely restructuring of the central C/N metabolism, particularly the GABA-shunt.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulating plant primary amino acid metabolism as a necrotrophic virulence strategy

Seifi

Vleesschauwer

Aziz

et al. 2014

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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The fungal plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea is the causal agent of the "gray mold" disease on a broad range of hosts. As an archetypal necrotroph, B. cinerea has evolved multiple virulence strategies for inducing cell death in its host. Moreover, progress of B. cinerea colonization is commonly associated with induction of senescence in the host tissue, even in non-invaded regions. In a recent study, we showed that abscisic acid deficiency in the sitiens tomato mutant culminates in an anti-senescence defense mechanism which effectively contributes to resistance against B. cinerea infection. Conversely, in susceptible wild-type tomato a strong induction of senescence could be observed following B. cinerea infection. Building upon this earlier work, we here discuss the immune-regulatory role of a key senescence-associated protein, asparagine synthetase. We found that infection of wild-type tomato leads to a strong transcriptional upregulation of asparagine synthetase, followed by a severe depletion of asparagine titers. In contrast, resistant sitiens plants displayed a strong induction of asparagine throughout the course of infection. We hypothesize that rapid activation of asparagine synthetase in susceptible tomato may play a dual role in promoting Botrytis cinerea pathogenesis by providing a rich source of N for the pathogen, on the one hand, and facilitating pathogen-induced host senescence, on the other.

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Pepper asparagine synthetase 1 (CaAS1) is required for plant nitrogen assimilation and defense responses to microbial pathogens

Cited by 98 publications

References 54 publications

Virus-Induced Alterations in Primary Metabolism Modulate Susceptibility toTobacco rattle virusin Arabidopsis

Virus-Induced Alterations in Primary Metabolism Modulate Susceptibility toTobacco rattle virusin Arabidopsis

Metabolomics Profile of Potato Tubers after Phosphite Treatment

Modulating plant primary amino acid metabolism as a necrotrophic virulence strategy

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