Molecular characterization of diversity in Annona squamosa L.: A high value tropical medicinal plant

Abstract

Introduction: Annona squamosa L. commonly known as custard apple, is an important under-utilized fruit species from tropical and subtropical parts of India with high potential as commercial horticultural crop. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity among populations spread across districts of Udaipur, Rajsamand and Chittaurgarh falling within Aravallis in Rajasthan. In all, 21 populations were identified and subjected to molecular evaluation using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. The cumulative analysis carried out on the basis of RAPD and ISSR data sets revealed 73.91% polymorphism. Methods: A total of 251 amplicons were produced using 19 RAPD and 15 ISSR primers. The pairwise distance matrix calculated by Dice's coefficient showed a distance range of 0.67 to 0.95 when computed using cumulative data set. Results: Characterization of genetic diversity within populations based on combined data set showed that percentage of polymorphism bands (PPB) ranged from 29.19 to 50.93. Nei's gene diversity (H E) values varied from 0.1002 to 0.1964 within a total genetic diversity (HT) of 0.2509. The average observed number of alleles per locus (Na) was 1.3602 and Ne was 1.2400. The Shanon's index was 0.2002 (Hpop) and 0.3800 (Hsp) at population and species level, respectively. Conclusion: The moderate gene flow value (Nm=0.59) and significant coefficient of genetic differentiation (G ST =0.458) revealed low level of genetic diversity within population and highly significant genetic differentiation among populations of A. squamosa. The UPGMA dendrogram resolved all the 21 populations representing 3 districts into various clusters according to their genetic distances. The principal component analysis (PCA) supported the UPGMA results and justified the relationship among populations.

Genetic diversity analysis in cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) germplasm using RAPD marker

“…(Dhanaraj, 2002). Development of RAPD marker, generated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using arbitrary primers provided the cheapest and the easiest tool for detection of DNA polymorphism, leading to the determination of genetic relationship in plants (Nagori et al, 2018). Analysis of genetic relationship in cashew using RAPD banding data can be useful to plant improvement, description of varieties and also for the assessment of varietal purity in plant certification programs (Samal et al, 2003).…”

Novel Antiviral Investigation of Annona squamosa Leaf Extract against the Dengue Virus Type-2: In vitro Study

“…28 It is also known for its delicious sweet taste. 29 The Province of East Java, Indonesia is considered as the endemic of Annona squamosa even though it is widely distributed to all the regions. The fruit is marketed as family fruit for daily consumption or as a source of the other food products in the home industry.…”

“…30 On the other hand, phytochemical screening of ASLE showed the availability of acetogenins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic, saponins, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, and many other compounds. 6,10,29,31 Therefore, Annona squamosa considered as the medicinal plant for many diseases, such as cancer, cardiac disease, diabetes, mucous diarrhea, and many other diseases. 6,29 According to the ASLE, previous research revealed that the cytotoxic effect of chitosan-based nanoparticles of ASLE on cervical cancer cells (HeLa) had an IC 50 value with 344.48 μg/mL in concentration.…”

“…6,10,29,31 Therefore, Annona squamosa considered as the medicinal plant for many diseases, such as cancer, cardiac disease, diabetes, mucous diarrhea, and many other diseases. 6,29 According to the ASLE, previous research revealed that the cytotoxic effect of chitosan-based nanoparticles of ASLE on cervical cancer cells (HeLa) had an IC 50 value with 344.48 μg/mL in concentration. 6 Even though, many studies on the biological effects of Annona squamosa were conducted, there are only two reports have shown Annona squamosa as an antiviral against HIV 31 and avian influenza virus.…”

Morpho-Molecular Diversity of Cashew Nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) Germplasm of Bangladesh

“…DNA markers are well known to be extremely effective for assessing the diversity of plant species (Yildiz et al 2021). RAPD marker, produced by PCR using random primers, is the most accessible and affordable method for detecting DNA polymorphism, enabling the identification of genetic links in plants (Nagori et al 2018). The RAPD molecular tool can be used to characterize cashew accessions for morphological features, analyze genetic relationships, and describe new varieties (Samal et al 2003).…”