The present investigation was conducted to identify the genetic variability in morphological characteristics among 12 cashew nut germplasm of Bangladesh. The morphological parameters such as nut length, width, single nut weight, and 100-nut weight varied significantly (p ≤ 0.01) among the germplasm studied. The shape and color of the cashew nuts and cashew apples were also variable. The RAPD analysis of the germplasm showed 71.43% polymorphism on average. The cluster analysis results revealed two distinct groups; cluster-I was made up of two genotypes, GP-7 and GP-8, while cluster-II consisted of ten genotypes. The maximum genetic distance (0.50) was exhibited between GP-4 and GP-8, while the minimum (0.107) was between GP-1 and GP-2, and between GP-2 and GP-3. The results of nut morphological characteristics and genetic relationships in cashew nut germplasm may be utilized in describing of new varieties and for plant improvement programs. Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 32(2): 167-180, 2022 (December)
An experiment was conducted following randomized complete block design with three replications during boro season of 2017-2018 to estimate combining ability for 16 agronomic traits of a 5x5 half diallel populations generated by using five selected parents of rice. Analysis of variance exhibited highly significant variability among the genotypes and combining ability variances for most of the studied traits except grain length and length-breadth ratio. The results indicated that none of the parent and hybrid combination performed better as general and specific combiner for all the traits. Performances were found to vary from trait to trait among parents and hybrid combinations. Parental genotype P3 performed as the best general combiner for grain yield hill-1 (2.16**) followed by P5 (1.43**). The hybrid combination P3×P5 exhibited the best specific combiner for grain yield hill-1 (5.17**) followed by P3×P4 (5.06**). However, the GCA : SCA ratio was less than unity for panicle length, effective tillers plant-1, filled grains panicle-1, straw dry weight and grain yield hill-1 indicating the presence of non-additive gene action. The results revealed that these traits could be improved through hybridization between the parents P3 and P5. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2021) 25 (1) : 23-31
A noticeable variation is present among the guava (Psidium guajava L.) genotypes available in Bangladesh. Thirty-three (25 indigenous, 5 released, and 3 exotic) genotypes of guava were used in ex-situ conditions from different locations of Chattagram, Brahmanbaria, Pirojpur, and Gazipur districts and assessed based on 10 traits to know their genetic diversity. The measured traits were number of flowers, fruits, harvested fruits per plant, single fruit weight (g), number of seeds/fruits, thousand seed weight (g), vitamin C, total sugar content, and fruit yield/plant (kg). Twenty-one genotypes showed 100-400 g of single fruit weight, and 12 showed 20-100 g. The genotype G14 (BARI Peyara-1) produced the highest fruit yield/plant (131.04 kg) followed by G24 (PG Muk-005) and G 23 (PG Muk-005) yielded 65.49 kg and 64.62 kg, respectively. Twenty-one genotypes showed above 250 mg/100g vitamin C content. Above 42% (14 genotypes) contained total sugar content of over 5%. The first two axes accounted 58.8% of the total variation among 10 traits. Based on the heatmap analysis, cluster-IV represents a high value containing the number of flowers, fruits, and harvested fruits per plant. The genotypes G 14, G17 (BARI Peyara-4), G21 (PG Sit-003), G23, G24, and G29 (Thai Peyara-3) might be considered the best based on the morpho-biochemical characteristics. Many traits are of significant economic importance and could be used as breeding targets to increase yield and quality. Therefore, variation among guava genotypes will be an excellent source for future crop improvements. SAARC J. Agric., 20(1): 15-28 (2022)
Forty-three candidate restorer lines of Brassica napus were evaluated for 11 agronomic traits for genetic variability and interrelationships among yield traits to find out yield contributing traits. A wide range of variability and character association was observed among the lines. The line BNR-017 took the lowest time for first (26.67 days) and 100% flowering (41.00 days) whereas BNR-031 (74.33 days) and BNR-034 (74.00 days) matured earlier. The lines BNR-022 (1.07m) and BNR-026 (1.02m) were found with the shortest plant stature and all other lines were in average plant height of around 1.35m. The lines BNR-039, BNR-011, BNR-001, BNR-013 and BNR-014 were found the best performer for number of pods per plant, seeds per pod and seed yield per plant. Estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation were high (≥30%) for seed yield per plant (30.52 and 33.13, respectively). High broad sense heritability was recorded for 1000-seed weight (97.69%), days to ripening (97.12%), days to first flowering (96.80%), days to 100% flowering (95.50%) and pod length (92.74%). Significant and negative correlation was observed between seed yield per plant and number of seeds per pod, -0.217* and -0.192*, respectively both at genotypic and phenotypic level, while the highest positive and significant genotypic (0.786**) and phenotypic (0.795**) correlation were found with pod length. Path co-efficient analysis showed the highest positive and direct phenotypic effect of number of seeds per pod (1.221) on seed yield per plant while days to first flowering had the maximum negative direct effect (-0.039). The results of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability and genetic advance in percent of mean, correlation co-efficient and path coefficient revealed that pods per plant, pod length, seeds per pod and 1000-seed weight could be used as selection criteria to increase seed yield in rapeseed. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(1) : 51-64
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