Molecular Characterization, Hematological and Biochemical Studies on Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O in Buffaloes and Cows in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt

Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the hematological and serum biochemical parameters in buffaloes and cows infected with foot and mouth disease (FMD) virus. Forty buffaloes and cows (6 months-2 years old) were used. Twenty buffaloes and cows clinically healthy and were used as control, the other twenty buffaloes and cows showed characteristic clinical signs of FMD. Blood samples were collected and serum was separated from both groups to measure the hematological and biochemical parameters. Infected buffaloes and cows showed fever, anroxia, excessive foamy salivation and ulcer formation in the mouth. Compared to the control buffaloes, erythrocytic count (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) in the FMD infected buffaloes were significantly decreased, while mean corpascular hemoglobin (MCH) was significantly increased. In addition, significant increase in toltal leukocyte count (TLC), neutrophils, with a significant decrease in eosinophil and lymphocyte counts were observed. Moreover, cows infected with FMD virus showed no significant changes in the erythrogram, while, significant increases in TLC and neutrophils, with a significant decrease in eosinophil and lymphocyte counts were observed when compared with the control group. There were significant decreases in the levels of serum total proteins, albumin and globulin, while serum asprtate transferase (AST), creatinine phospho-kinase (CPK), glucose and cortisol levels were significantly increased in the infected animals. Tissue and saliva specimens were collected and analyzed by using universal primer using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). All the identified viruses were of serotype 'O'. It is concluded that FMDV serotype 'O' is circulating among cows and buffaloes in the study area.

Molecular Diagnosis of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus in Cattle with Reference to Hematological and Biochemical Changes

“…The neutrophils and other phagocytic cells are the first line of defense against microbial and viral infections. Our results are partially consistent with those previously reported [31,[36][37][38].…”

“…Myocardial degeneration was considered the main cause for serum CK, AST and LDH elevation [40,57]. Our results were consistent with other studies [7,31,38].…”

“…These results were supported by Mohammed et al [30] who detected recent FMDV strains of serotypes, O and SAT-2 in Egypt using primers specific for vp 1 and 3D genes. Our results are in agreement with El-Mandrawy and Farag [31] who used tissue and saliva 111 specimens for the isolation of FMDV and RNA extraction then analyzed by using universal primer using RT-PCR. They reported that all the identified viruses were of serotype 'O' and concluded that FMDV serotype 'O' is circulating among cows and buffaloes in the study area.…”

“…Development of normocytic normochromic anemia is associated with increased inflammatory cytokines [31]. In accordance, a significant decrease in erythrocytic count, Hb content and PCV in the FMD -infected buffaloes (6 months -2 years old) were obtained in another study [33].…”

Hematological Profile in Dairy Cattle with Foot and Mouth Diseases in Lembang, West Bandung

“…This condition of lymphopenia can occur due to the interaction between T and B cells with the FMD virus when the infection lasts for a short time, where it occurs when it reaches the peak of the viremia stage and causes temporary immunosuppression (El-Deen et al, 2017;El-Deen et al, 2017;El-Deen et al, 2017). Mandrawy and Farag, 2017). According to Brooks et al (2022), lymphopenia can occur due to diseases caused by viral and bacterial infectious agents as an indication of the stress response, where the decrease in lymphocyte concentration occurs due to congenital immunodeficiency.…”