Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of <i>Toxocara</i> species in dogs, cattle and buffalo in Egypt

Mahdy, Olfat A.; Mousa, Waheed M.; Abdel-Maogood, S. Z.; Nader, Sara; Abdel-Radi, Shimaa

doi:10.2478/helm-2020-0013

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Clinical symptoms in calves include anemia, diarrhea, weight loss, and obstruction of the small intestine, even death [ 8 ]. Moreover, farmers who drink raw cattle or buffaloes milk are likely to infect T. vitulorum and suffer visceral larval migraines (VLM) [ 9 ]. Although T. vitulorum is widespread throughout the world, it is frequently found in tropical and subtropical areas, especially those with high temperatures [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complete Mitogenome of Toxocara vitulorum: Novel In-Sights into the Phylogenetics in Toxocaridae

Xie

Wang

Chen

et al. 2022

Animals

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Toxocara vitulorum (Ascaridida: Nematoda) is one of the most common intestinal nematodes of cattle and buffalos and, therefore, represents a serious threat to their populations worldwide. Despite its significance in veterinary health the epidemiology, population genetics, and molecular ecology of this nematode remain poorly understood. The mitogenome can yield a foundation for studying these areas and assist in the surveillance and control of T. vitulorum. Herein, the first whole mitogenome of T. vitulorum was sequenced utilizing Illumina technology and characterized with bioinformatic pipeline analyses. The entire genome of T. vitulorum was 15,045 bp in length and contained 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs). The gene arrangement (GA) of T. vitulorum was similar to those of other Toxocara species under GA3. The whole genome showed significant levels of AT and GC skew. Comparative mitogenomics including sequence identities, Ka/Ks, and sliding window analysis, indicated a purifying selection of 12 PCGs with cox1 and nad6 having the lowest and highest evolutionary rate, respectively. Whole amino acid sequence-based phylogenetic analysis supported a novel sister-species relationship of T. vitulorum with the congeneric species Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, and Toxocara malaysiensis in the family Toxocaridae. Further, 12 (PCGs) single gene-based phylogenies suggested that nad4 and nad6 genes shared same topological trees with that of the whole genome, suggesting that these genes were suitable as novel genetic markers for phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of Ascaridida species. This complete mitogenome of T. vitulorum refined phylogenetic relationships in Toxocaridae and provided the resource of markers for population genetics, systematics, and epidemiology of this bovine nematode.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Complete Mitogenome of Toxocara vitulorum: Novel In-Sights into the Phylogenetics in Toxocaridae

Xie

Wang

Chen

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…A limitation of this study is that T. canis may not be clearly distinguishable by traditional serological diagnostic methods from Toxocara vitulorum [ 45 ] for which water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis ) of tropical and subtropical geographical areas are the main reported hosts [ 46 ]. However, T. vitolurum reports in Brazil have been restricted to buffalo calves, with no infection described to date in either adult buffalo or cattle [ 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serosurvey and associated risk factors of anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies in bovines from slaughterhouses of southeastern Brazil

et al. 2021

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Background Toxocariasis, caused by a nematode species of the genus Toxocara, has been described as one of the most prevalent zoonotic helminthiases worldwide. Human transmission may occur by ingesting Toxocara spp. larvae from raw or undercooked meat or organs; however, no comprehensive serosurvey study has been conducted to date investigating the role of cattle as paratenic hosts. The aim of the study reported here was to assess the prevalence of anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies and associated risk factors in bovines from two slaughterhouses located in Presidente Prudente, southeastern Brazil. Methods Blood samples were collected and tested by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cattle farmers voluntarily responded to an epidemiologic questionnaire. Results Overall, 213 of the 553 (38.5%) bovine samples were assessed as seropositive for anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies by indirect ELISA. Multivariate analysis revealed that the source of beef cattle and the presence of dogs or cats at the farm were associated with seropositivity. The use of feedlot systems was associated with lower likelihood of seropositivity. Conclusions These results indicate a high level of anti-Toxocara seropositivity in slaughterhouse cattle, with potentially contaminated meat posing an infection risk to humans. In addition, the presence of dogs and cats where the slaughtered beef cattle were raised was statistically associated with bovine seropositivity, probably due to the overlapping environment at the farm and the lack of pet deworming. The use of feedlot systems was a protective factor likely due to the absence of dog and cat contact, elevated feeding troughs that avoid contact with contaminated soil or grass, and younger age at slaughter of feedlot cattle. In summary, bovines may be used as environmental sentinels of Toxocara spp. contamination, and high seropositivity of slaughterhouse cattle may indicate a potential risk of human toxocariasis through the ingestion of raw or undercooked contaminated meat.

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“…Then, it was modified by Taher et al (2017) and successfully applied in diagnosing trichinosis infection. Later, Mahdy et al (2020) used it in hydatidosis diagnosis. Dot-ELISA still has the advantage of the original assay regarding its simplicity, non-time consuming, low cost, and easy investigation of large samples in a short time.…”

Section: Efficacy Of Indirect Dot-elisa and Eitb For The Diagnosis Of...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Dot-ELISA Assay Using Purified Sheep Coenurus cerebralis Antigenic Fractions for the Diagnosis of Zoonotic Coenurosis

Ramadan¹,

El-Hafez²,

El-Bahy³

et al. 2022

WVJ

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Clinicians face significant problems in the diagnosis of zoonotic coenurosis. The current study aimed to develop an improved dot-Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (dot-ELISA) for the diagnosis of zoonotic coenurosis using sheep Coenurus cerebralis scolices purified antigen (CcS-Ag) and to compare the obtained results with those of indirect ELISA and Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot technique (EITB). Sera were collected from humans and sheep infected or suspected of infection with Coenurus cerebralis, control cases, and cases infected with other parasites. The CcS-Ag was proved to be the most specific antigen. This antigen was fractionated, and its specific polypeptides against anti-C. cerebralis antibodies (ACc-Ab) were identified using EITB. Fractions at the molecular weight (MW) of 48 and 58 kDa were proved as the only specific ones, eluted from the gel and concentrated, then dotted on the NC sheet as pooled antigen before its evaluation in the diagnosis of infection using dot-ELISA. Dot-ELISA demonstrated absolute 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity as recorded by EITB, compared to both fractions on a nitrocellulose (NC) sheet using surgically proved infected human or sheep sera as a gold standard. Diagnosis by ELISA using crude CcS-Ag revealed similar sensitivity but lower specificity (75%). The diagnostic accuracy of dot-ELISA was proved by comparing its results with postmortem data obtained post slaughtering of 20 suspected sheep and patients investigated by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In conclusion, the selection of specific fractions after EITB to be used in dot-ELISA improved the diagnostic value of the test as a diagnostic tool gathering the benefits of ELISA and EITB.

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Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Toxocara species in dogs, cattle and buffalo in Egypt

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

The Complete Mitogenome of Toxocara vitulorum: Novel In-Sights into the Phylogenetics in Toxocaridae

The Complete Mitogenome of Toxocara vitulorum: Novel In-Sights into the Phylogenetics in Toxocaridae

Serosurvey and associated risk factors of anti-Toxocara spp. antibodies in bovines from slaughterhouses of southeastern Brazil

Improved Dot-ELISA Assay Using Purified Sheep Coenurus cerebralis Antigenic Fractions for the Diagnosis of Zoonotic Coenurosis

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