SUMMARYSteam distillation of essential oils of aerial parts of Thymus capitatus and Marrubium vulgare L. collected at North cost of Egypt yielded 0.5% and 0.2%, respectively. Results of Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of the two samples identified 96.27% and 90.19% of the total oil composition for T. capitatus and M. vulgare, respectively. The two oil samples appeared dominated by the oxygenated constituents (88.22% for T. capitatus and 57.50% for M. vulgare), composed of phenols, mainly carvacrol (32.98%) and thymol (32.82%) in essential oil of T. capitatus, and thymol (34.55%) in essential oil of M. vulgare. It was evaluated the molluscicidal activity of T. capitatus and M. vulgare essential oils on adult and eggs of Biomphalaria alexandrina as well as their mosquitocidal activity on Culex pipiens. The LC 50 and LC 90 of T. capitatus essential oil against adult snails was 200 and 400 ppm/3hrs, respectively, while for M. vulgare it was 50 and 100 ppm/3hrs, respectively. Moreover, M. vulgare showed LC 100 ovicidal activity at 200 ppm/24 hrs while T. capitatus oil showed no ovicidal activity. It was verified mosquitocidal activity, with LC 50 and LC 90 of 100 and 200 ppm/12hrs respectively for larvae, and 200 and 400 ppm/12hrs respectively for pupae of C. pipiens.

Prophylactic and curative capacity of water soluble formulation of Diclazuril (Diclosol 1%) and feed additive form (Clinacox, 0.5%) were tested against Eimeria infection in broiler chickens. Such testing was performed both experimentally and in the field. Toltrazuril (Baycox, 2.5%) was used as reference control drug. Water soluble formulation of Diclazuril induced a marked inhibitory effect on the different stages of the parasite life cycle in experimentally infected treated birds especially when applied on the day when blood first appeared in the faeces [fifth day post-infection (d.p.i.)] as well as on the second day of blood dropping (6 d.p.i.). Both tested dosage levels of Diclazuril water soluble formulation in drinking water (5 and 10 ppm) showed the same effect in controlling coccidial infection and reducing the total oocyst numbers, lesion and faecal scores. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the efficacy of water soluble form of Diclazuril and the reference control drug (Toltrazuril, 25 ppm). In addition, testing the water soluble formulation (5 ppm) in naturally infected poultry farm (20,000 birds), showed the same anticoccidial effect observed when using Toltrazuril, as a treatment for coccidiosis. In conclusion, addition of Diclazuril at the dose of 5 ppm in the drinking water of naturally coccidia infected bird induced the same effect as 25 ppm of Toltrazuril as a treatment for coccidiosis in chickens.

No abstract

The present study spotted some light on human fascioliasis in Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate in the west of the Nile Delta in Egypt, its species, its intermediate host (IMH) snail and tried to answer previous questions about development of Fasciola (F.) species in new snail hosts other than that known for animal fascioliasis in Egypt. The study recorded a percentage of infection by Fasciola eggs reached up to 6.02% in 1810 randomly collected human stool samples from 6 climatically selected sites in this governorate using fluke-finder technique. The incidence was high in Sedi Salem and Motobus than in the other study sites. Micrometry measuring of 100 eggs from each locality showed that egg size cannot be used as a main criterion in differentiation between F. hepatica and gigantica. Wide range of egg size varied between 130-162.5 µ X 75-87.5 µ with a mean length and width of 144.24 ± 11.33 µ X 80± 6.55µ, was recorded. Upon dissection of 1972 Lymnaea (L.) cailliaudi, 268 L. alexandrina, 502 Bulinus species, 11316 Biomphalaria alexandrina, 1398 Cleopatra species, 8520 Physa acuta, 420 Melania tuberculata, 2132 Vivipara (Bellamya) unicolar, 144 Neritina nilotica and 1570 Planorbis philippi, Fasciola parthenitae were not detected in snails other than L. cailliaudi (the known IMH of Fasciola in Egypt). The results proved that there is no accommodation has occurred in any of the surrounding snails to transmit Fasciola to man. The present study proved that human fascioliasis in the study sites was due to Fasciola gigantica not F. hepatica. This appeared in its tendency to develop in L. cailliaudi not in other tested snails with successive radial generations as that described previously for F. gigantica. Moreover, early mature flukes extracted from laboratory infected rabbits by the produced encysted metacercariae had the characteristic features described previously for F. gigantica.

No abstract

ABSTRACT. Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection that causes severe economic and public health problems. The overall incidence of infection in sheep slaughtered in Cairo, Egypt during meat inspection was 31.22% and precisely 19.72% for Cysticercus tenuicollis and 11.50% for C. ovis. Sera collected from infected animals used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the extracted antigens using ELISA. The sensitivity of the test was 100% for both C. tenuicollis and C. ovis, while the specificity was 80.26% and 87.03%, respectively. Using EITB the fractions of 36 KDa and 23 KDa appears to be specific for diagnosis of C. tenuicollis; while, 77 KDa and 73 KDa were specific for diagnosis of C. ovis. Moreover, several protein fractions which were detected in all antigens extracted didn't react with its target sera but at the same time did react specifically versus sera from animals infected with another cysticerci. Those fractions are considered as common immunogenic fractions between different cysticerci, so strictly identified specific fractions must to be used for diagnosis of Cysticerci infection to avoid cross reactions with other cysticerci antibodies.

Cystic echinococcosis or Hydatid disease is recognized as an important worldwide distributed disease from the clinical, economical and zoonotic point of view. In the present work, 180 camels and 90 cattle freshly slaughtered at Cairo abattoir and 120 donkeys scarified at Giza zoo, were inspected for infection by Hydatid cysts (HC) in Egypt. The highest incidence of HC infection was 18.9% in Camel, 14.2% in donkeys and the lowest 3.3% in cattle. Regarding the site of HC infection was 94.3% and 90.2% in Camel lungs and donkeys liver. The fertility of HC was 79.24% and 29.4% from camel and donkeys, while, all inspected hydatid cysts collected from cattle were found calcified. Germinal membranes of fertile HC were used for DNA extraction followed by PCR amplification. It was used for identification of internal transcribed spacer gene1(ITS1)from camel and donkeys by using specific primer. The amplified DNA fragment was further analyzed by PCR mediated restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR ¬RFLP) using two restriction enzymes (MSP1 and RSA1). The PCR yielded similar amplified DNA band of the same molecular size marker at 1115 bp in different isolates of Hydatid. No band variation of ITS 1 gene could be detected by PCR-RFLP by using two restriction enzymes. Amplification product of ITSI after digestion with MSP1 showed at 661 bp, while those restricted with RSA1 enzyme appeared at 745 bp.

No abstract