Molecular biology of the morbilliviruses

Barrett, Thomas; Banyard, Ashley C.; Diallo, Adama

doi:10.1016/b978-012088385-1/50033-2

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 184 publications

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“…However, relatively few CDV P gene sequences of the length sequenced in this study were available in the public databases for phylogenetic comparison. The F gene is conserved within morbillivirus species (6,24) and has also been used to determine phylogenetic relationships among these viruses (37). The H gene is more variable among CDV isolates, perhaps due to the role the protein plays in the host immune reaction (11), and thus has been widely used for phylogenetic analysis (8,17,18,20,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Characterization of Canine Distemper Viruses Detected in Naturally Infected Dogs in North America

2005

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In 2004, six puppies and one adult dog from a total of four premises were subjected to necropsy evaluation. For five of the seven dogs, disease caused by canine distemper virus (CDV) infection was suspected based on clinical signs. In all of the dogs, a diagnosis of CDV infection was established by the presence of compatible gross and histologic lesions, immunohistochemical labeling for CDV antigen, and detection of CDV RNA by reverse transcription-PCR. To further characterize the CDV strains detected in the four cases, complete gene sequences were determined for the hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) protein genes, while partial gene sequencing was performed for the phosphoprotein gene. A total of 4,508 bases were sequenced for the CDV strains detected from each of the four cases. Two cases were found to have identical sequences except for 2 bases in the intergenic region of the F and H genes. Phylogenetic analysis strongly suggested an evolutionary relationship between sequences detected in these two cases and those of phocine distemper virus 2 and two other strains of CDV not previously detected in the continental United States. Clear phylogenetic relationships were not established for viruses detected in the two additional cases; however, one strain showed similarity to CDV strains detected in a panda from China. Importantly, the three CDV strains detected were demonstrated to be genetically distinct from known vaccine strains and strains previously reported in the continental United States.Canine distemper virus (CDV) is the etiological agent of one the most important viral diseases of wild and domestic Canidae (dog, dingo, fox, coyote, jackal, and wolf) (2). It occurs worldwide and produces high morbidity and mortality in immunologically naïve populations (22,29). This virus also infects a broad range of other animals, such as Mustelidae (ferrets, minks, skunks, weasels, and badgers), Procyonidae (raccoons and pandas), Ursidae (bears), Viverridae (civets, genets, and linsangs), hyaenidae (hyenas), and Felidae (lions and tigers) (2,3,4,10,12,16,36). Canine distemper virus is classified in the genus Morbillivirus within the family Paramyxoviridae and has an unsegmented, negative-sense, single-stranded, ϳ15.7-kb RNA genome and an enveloped virus particle that is 150 to 300 nm in diameter (29). The pathogenesis of CDV infection in dogs has been well characterized (2,22,29,35). The genome of CDV encodes the following virion proteins: matrix (M), fusion (F), hemagglutinin (H), nucleocapsid (N), polymerase (L), and phosphoprotein (P). The H gene protein is responsible for viral attachment to the cell host (38) and may also play a role in induction of protective immunity (11). The H protein is one of the most variable morbillivirus proteins and thus has often been used to assess genetic changes between CDV isolates (8,9,17,18,20,21,23,26,28,30).In this study, postmortem findings, immunohistochemical labeling, and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR specific for CDV genomic RNA established a definitive diagnosis of diseas...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Characterization of Canine Distemper Viruses Detected in Naturally Infected Dogs in North America

2005

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“…PPRV is an enveloped, negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus with the genome of about 15948–15957 nucleotides (nt) in length. The viral genome encodes six structural proteins including nucleocapsid (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix (M), fusion (F), haemagglutinin (H) and large polymerase (L), and two nonstructural proteins, C and V [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Characterization of a Novel Mutant of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Isolated fromCapra ibexin China during 2015

Zhu

Zhang

Adili

et al. 2016

BioMed Research International

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Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is the causative agent of peste des petits ruminants (PPR). The spread of PPR often causes severe economic losses. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the surveillance of PPR emergence, spread, and geographic distribution. Here we describe a novel mutant of PPRV China/XJBZ/2015 that was isolated from Capra ibex in Xinjiang province in China 2015. The sequence analysis and phylogenetic assessment indicate that China/XJBZ/2015 belongs to lineage IV, being closely related to China/XJYL/2013 strain. Interestingly, the V protein sequence of China/XJBZ/2015 showed lower homology with other Chinese PPRVs isolated during 2013 to 2014 (94%~95%), whereas it shared 100% identity with three Tibet strains isolated in China 2007. The 3′ UTR, V gene, and C gene were determined to be highly variable. Besides, 29 PPR genomic sequences available in GenBank were analyzed in this study. It is the first time to use PPRV genomic sequences to classify the different lineages which confirmed the lineage clustering of PPRVs using N gene 255 bp fragments and F gene 322 bp fragments. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the PPRVs continue to evolve in China, and some new mutations have emerged.

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“…The viral envelope is associated with three viral proteins: the matrix protein (M), the fusion protein (F) and the hemagglutinin (H). By their position and function, both F and H have been attributed to induce a protective immune response against the virus [7]. In spite of limitations such as thermolability, need for a cold chain and inability to distinguish vaccinated from infected animals (DIVA), a live, attenuated vaccine has been used for the control of the disease in Asia and Africa [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MVA recombinants expressing the fusion and hemagglutinin genes of PPRV protects goats against virulent challenge

et al. 2010

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Molecular biology of the morbilliviruses

Cited by 20 publications

References 184 publications

Phylogenetic Characterization of Canine Distemper Viruses Detected in Naturally Infected Dogs in North America

Phylogenetic Characterization of Canine Distemper Viruses Detected in Naturally Infected Dogs in North America

Genetic Characterization of a Novel Mutant of Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus Isolated fromCapra ibexin China during 2015

MVA recombinants expressing the fusion and hemagglutinin genes of PPRV protects goats against virulent challenge

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