Modulation of the immune system of fish by their environment

Bowden, Timothy J.

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2008.03.017

Cited by 346 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Hyperoxic conditions are unlikely to be found in the natural environment, whereas hypoxic conditions can and do occur particularly within fish farm cages [7]. Oxygen levels within the sea cages can be affected by the fish density in the cages and by any possible change in the currents that come through the cage [32]. Sub-optimal DO concentration deficit is a potential problem both in cages and ponds, and the risk of a harmful deficit is generally highest in late summerearly autumn at water temperatures above 25 -27°C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving aeration for efficient oxygenation in sea bass sea cages. Blood, brain and gill histology

et al. 2016

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An air diffusion based system (Airx) was developed to control the dissolved oxygen levels in aquaculture sea cages. The system was introduced and then tested for 37 days in a sea bass sea cage (aerated cage). A second sea bass sea cage, without the AirX, was used as a control. Oxygen levels were measured in both cages at the start of the trial, before the AirX system was introduced, and during the working period of the AirX system. Fish samples were collected 15 days after the AirX system was introduced and at the end of the experiment. Blood smears were prepared and examined microscopically. Erythrocyte major axis, minor axis and area of fish erythrocytes were measured. Leucocyte differentiation was also examined. In the control cage, the fish had significantly larger red blood cells when compared with the red blood cells of the fish in the aerated cage. Histological examination of the gills and brain revealed no morphological differences or alterations between the two groups of fish. This study demonstrated that an air diffuser system could improve the water quality of fish farmed in sea cages and enhance sea bass physiological performance, especially if DO levels fall below 60% oxygen saturation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving aeration for efficient oxygenation in sea bass sea cages. Blood, brain and gill histology

et al. 2016

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“…Physical factors such as changes in salinity and temperature can negatively affect the growth, reproduction, metabolism, osmoregulation, and immune ability of fishes (Bly and Clem 1992;Bowden 2008). Water temperature is a particularly important factor affecting growth and reproduction (Schreck et al 1989), whereas salinity affects mainly metabolism, growth, survival, and immunity (Britoa et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental stress-related gene expression and blood physiological responses in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) exposed to osmotic and thermal stress

Choi

2010

Animal Cells and Systems

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We isolated warm temperature acclimation-related protein 65-kDa (Wap65) cDNA from the liver of olive flounder and investigated the mRNA expression of Wap65 and HSP70 in olive flounder exposed to osmotic (17.5, 8.75, and 4 psu) and thermal stress (25 and 308C). The mRNA expression of Wap65 and HSP70 was increased by thermal stress. The mRNA expression of HSP70 was also increased by osmotic stress, whereas no significant change in Wap65 expression was detected. These results indicate that Wap65 mRNA expression occurs specifically in response to increases in water temperature, but not in response to osmotic stress. Plasma cortisol levels were also increased by osmotic and thermal stress. We also utilized the stress hormone cortisol to examine whether Wap65 expression is thermal-stress-specific. Cortisol treatment increased HSP70 mRNA expression in vitro, but had no significant effect on Wap65 mRNA expression. Thus, thermal stress, but not osmotic stress, induces Wap65 expression.

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“…The marine environmental factors, such as salinity, temperature, hypoxia, photoperiod and so on, may impact on the physiological and biological status of marine animals in a wide variety of ways [1]. Natural changes in seawater salinity occur frequently due to rainwater diluting seawater or mixing of estuarine waters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Natural changes in seawater salinity occur frequently due to rainwater diluting seawater or mixing of estuarine waters. Evidences have indicated that salinity changes can effectively affect different processes in marine animals [1]. Li et al reported the significant up-regulation of heat shock proteins induced by the low salinity, which suggested that low salinity influenced the innate immunity in pearl oysters Pinctada martensii [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Li et al reported the significant up-regulation of heat shock proteins induced by the low salinity, which suggested that low salinity influenced the innate immunity in pearl oysters Pinctada martensii [2]. In marine fishes, most studies focused on the effects in osmoregulation, immune system and energy metabolism induced by salinity changes [1,3,4]. For example, Cuesta et al have found that salinity influences the humoral immune parameters of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolite and gene expression responses in juvenile flounder Paralichthys olivaceus exposed to reduced salinities

Liu

et al. 2017

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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a b s t r a c tSeawater salinity is one of the most important changeable environmental factors influencing the behavior, survival, growth and production of marine organisms. In this work, metabolite and gene expression profiles were used to elucidate the biological effects of reduced salinities in juvenile flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Metabolic profiling indicated that both reduced salinities (23.3‰ and 15.6‰) enhanced proteolysis and disturbed osmotic regulation and energy metabolism in juvenile flounder P. olivaceus. Furthermore, the low salinity (15.6‰) enhanced anaerobic metabolism indicated by the elevated lactate in flounder tissue extracts. Gene expression profiles exhibited that reduced salinities could induce immune stress and oxidative stress and disturb energy metabolism in juvenile flounder P. olivaceus. In addition, reduced salinities might promote the growth and gonadal differentiation in juvenile flounder P. olivaceus.

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Modulation of the immune system of fish by their environment

Cited by 346 publications

References 88 publications

Improving aeration for efficient oxygenation in sea bass sea cages. Blood, brain and gill histology

Improving aeration for efficient oxygenation in sea bass sea cages. Blood, brain and gill histology

Environmental stress-related gene expression and blood physiological responses in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) exposed to osmotic and thermal stress

Metabolite and gene expression responses in juvenile flounder Paralichthys olivaceus exposed to reduced salinities

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