Modulation of Choroidal Autoregulation in the Rabbit

Kiel, Jeffrey W.

doi:10.1006/exer.1999.0717

Cited by 180 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Shah et al 23) have reported that the rapid infusion of a 5% glucose solution into rabbits leads to a reduction in blood osmolarity, which leads to the transfer of water into the eye thus causing the elevation in IOP. Kiel et al 24,25) reported that the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) by N G -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (lNAMe) causes a decrease in water production in rabbits due to ciliary vasoconstriction, resulting in a decrease in IOP. In addition, it is known that the increase in IOP in rabbits following the rapid infusion of 5% glucose is caused by a rapid production of aqueous humor, 15) and our previously reports showed that enhanced NO in the aqueous humor causes this increase in IOP using NOS inhibitor, disulfiram (DSF) eye drops.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Enhanced Rabbit Intraocular Pressure by Instillation of Pyroglutamic Acid Eye Drops

Ito

Nagai

Okamoto

et al. 2013

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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l-Pyroglutamic acid (PGA) is an endogenous molecule derived from l-glutamate. We demonstrate the effects of PGA on intraocular pressure (IOP) in experimentally induced ocular hypertension in rabbits. In the in vitro and in vivo transcorneal penetration studies, the PGA solution (PGA in saline) did not penetrate the rabbit cornea. On the other hand, the penetration of PGA was improved by the addition of zinc chloride and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD), and PGA penetration was enhanced with increasing HPCD concentration. Therefore, PGA solutions containing 0.5% zinc chloride and 5% or 10% HPCD (PGA/ HPCD 5% or 10% eye drops) were used to investigate the effects for IOP in this study. An elevation in IOP was induced by the rapid infusion of 5% glucose solution (15 mL/kg of body weight) through the marginal ear vein or maintaining under dark phase for 5 h. In the both models, the induced elevation in IOP was prevented by the instillation of PGA/HPCD eye drops, and the IOP-reducing effect enhanced with increasing HPCD concentration in the drops. Nitric oxide (NO) levels elevated in the aqueous humor following the infusion of 5% glucose solution, and this increase was also suppressed by the instillation of PGA/HPCD eye drops. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the instillation of PGA/HPCD eye drops has an IOP-reducing effect in rabbits with experimentally induced ocular hypertension, probably as a result of the suppression of NO production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Enhanced Rabbit Intraocular Pressure by Instillation of Pyroglutamic Acid Eye Drops

Ito

Nagai

Okamoto

et al. 2013

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…The systemic hypotension would, by barroreflex, increase sympathetic activity and depress parasympathetic activity, which would in turn bolster vascular resistance in the choroid, with the consequent restriction in choroidal blood flow. This situation has not been confirmed in experimental studies [71], indicating that there could be a local mechanism in the choroid capable of ignoring neurogenic vasoconstriction, or the choroidal nerves do not become activated during the discharge of the barroreceptors. Other authors [62,63] have demonstrated that, although during the direct stimulation of the sympathetic activity, it has little effect on the diminished choroidal flow during the hypotension induced by a haemorrhage.…”

Section: Neural Control Of Choroidal Blood-flowmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Experimental studies have demonstrated that sympathetic innervation is critical in the regulation of choroidal vascularization [73], and that the chronic loss of sympathetic activity can contribute to the anomalous vascular proliferation noted in diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) [74] and diabetic retinopathy [75,76]. Furthermore, the loss of this innervation can cause oedema in the retina [71], a circumstance that could be important in illnesses such as diabetes or hypertension, in which automatic control is altered [56].…”

Section: Neural Control Of Choroidal Blood Flow In Ocular Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choroidal Vessel Wall: Hypercholesterolaemia-Induced Dysfunction and Potential Role of Statins

Sebastián¹,

Corral²,

Montañana³

et al. 2012

Current Basic and Pathological Approaches to the Function of Muscle Cells and Tissues - From Molecules to Humans

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“…In hyperoxia, such as might occur during oxygen supplementation protocols (mechanical ventilation) administered to premature infants to overcome respiratory insufficiency, the retinal vasculature constricts comparably in the newborn and adult (9,25,34,35,37,38). However, compared with those in the adult, vessels of the choroid in the newborn do not constrict in hyperoxia.…”

Section: Regulation Of Ocular Blood Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinopathy of prematurity: understanding ischemic retinal vasculopathies at an extreme of life

Sapieha¹,

Joyal²,

Rivera³

et al. 2010

J. Clin. Invest.

217

226

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Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major complication of preterm birth. It encompasses a spectrum of pathologies that affect vision, from mild disease that resolves spontaneously to severe disease that causes retinal detachment and subsequent blindness. The pathologies are characterized by an arrest in normal retinal vascular development associated with microvascular degeneration. The resulting ischemia and retinal hypoxia lead to excessive abnormal compensatory blood vessel growth. However, this neovascularization can lead to fibrous scar formation and culminate in retinal detachment. Present therapeutic modalities to limit the adverse consequences of aberrant neovascularization are invasive and/or tissue-destructive. In this Review, we discuss current concepts on retinal microvascular degeneration, neovascularization, and available treatments, as well as present future perspectives toward more profound elucidation of the pathogenesis of ROP.Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is the major ocular disorder of the neonate (1, 2) and the dominant cause of severe visual impairment in childhood in North America and Europe. ROP is associated with significant sequelae, the most serious being retinal detachment, which results in blindness. However, even milder forms of ROP increase the incidence of pathologies that negatively impact visual acuity, for example, ametropias, refractive errors that reduce visual acuity; strabismus, a condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned, preventing proper binocular vision and adversely affecting depth perception; and disorders of color discrimination (3-6). ROP proceeds following an initial phase of degeneration of the retinal microvasculature (vasoobliteration) (7,8) (Figure 1) that is associated with cessation of progression of vascular growth toward the retinal periphery. In the subsequent phase of the disease, the ensuing retinal ischemia predisposes to abnormal compensatory neovascularization (9, 10). Of the various factors that have been associated with the development of ROP, low birth weight, low gestational age, supplemental oxygen therapy, and its associated relative hyperoxia dominate.The development of the human retinal vasculature commences at approximately the 16th week of gestation and concludes at term (i.e., the 40th week of gestation) (11). Hence, when an infant is born prematurely, its retinal blood supply is incomplete and highly vulnerable to decay. This immaturity in vascular development predisposes the retina to complications. Major advances have been made over the past 30 years in identifying mechanisms implicated in the genesis of ROP. Comprehension of mechanisms underlying this disorder has, in turn, enhanced understanding of the pathogenesis of ischemic retinal vasculopathies in the adult, for example, diabetic retinopathy (a complication of diabetes mellitus) and neovascular forms of age-related macular degeneration (the major cause of visual impairment in adults over 50 years of age).The oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model of ischemic retinop...

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Modulation of Choroidal Autoregulation in the Rabbit

Cited by 180 publications

References 15 publications

Reduction of Enhanced Rabbit Intraocular Pressure by Instillation of Pyroglutamic Acid Eye Drops

Reduction of Enhanced Rabbit Intraocular Pressure by Instillation of Pyroglutamic Acid Eye Drops

Choroidal Vessel Wall: Hypercholesterolaemia-Induced Dysfunction and Potential Role of Statins

Retinopathy of prematurity: understanding ischemic retinal vasculopathies at an extreme of life

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