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The changes in the RPE-Bruch's membrane complex contribute to the death of multiple retinal neurons, this translating as a thinning and disorganization of its layers.Cholesterol is essential for cell functioning. The main cholesterol source for the photoreceptors and the RPE comes from extracellular lipid metabolism, as has been demonstrated on detecting native low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors at the RPE level [12], which could be involved in the local production of apolipoprotein E (apoE). The retina also locally produces lipoprotein particles that contain apoE. These particles are secreted fundamentally by the Müller glia to the extracellular retinal compartment and to the vitreous, from which they are transported to the optic nerve [13]. Also, the retinal astrocytes associated with the axons of the ganglion cells participate in the secretion of apoE. This cholesterol transport is essential to supply the retinal neurons the lipids needed for the maintenance and remodelling of their cell membrane.

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Esta investigación realiza un estudio en el cual se busca explicar un fenómeno económico de alta inflación que se ha podido evidenciar en la ciudad de Bucaramanga, y que teniendo en cuenta los bajos niveles de desempleo de la ciudad, puede ser explicado por medio de la teoría de la curva de Phillips por expectativas adaptativas, de esta manera, se identifica la NAIRU y se realiza una Curva de Phillips utilizando información de producción y de precios internacionales, para la ciudad de Bucaramanga en el periodo 2009-2016, encontrando una relación negativa entre inflación y desempleo y una NAIRU de 9.13%.