Modified viologen as an efficient anolyte for aqueous organic redox flow batteries

Ambrose, Bebin; Naresh, Raghu pandiyan; Ulaganathan, Mani; Ragupathy, P.; Kathiresan, Murugavel

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2022.131876

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…66 In continuation of this, our group synthesized an asymmetric viologen 1-propyl-1′-(3-triethylammonio) propyl-4,4′-bipyridinium tribromide (PV 3+ ) wherein the presence of triethylammonium group enhanced the radical solubility as well as effectively diminished the radical dimerization, and the presence of the propyl group lowered the half reduction potential. 64 The PV 3+ /4-OH-TEMPO redox couple displayed a cell voltage of 1.16 V and sustained more cycling with a capacity retention of 71.33% even under ambient conditions. Liu et al, synthesized a new bipolar organic compound, i.e., mono-N-alkylated bipyridinium iodide salt [(bpy-(CH 2 ) 3 NMe 3 )]2I − , which served three functions as anolyte, catholyte, and supporting electrolyte.…”

Section: Functionalized Viologens To Tackle the Abovementioned Issues...mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The [(Me)(NPr)V]Cl 3 /FcNCl coupled AORFB established a net cell voltage of 1.38 V and showed an outstanding performance of 99.99% capacity retention per cycle for 100 cycles at 60 mA cm –2 (Figure ). In continuation of this, our group synthesized an asymmetric viologen 1-propyl-1′-(3-triethylammonio) propyl-4,4′-bipyridinium tribromide (PV 3+ ) wherein the presence of triethylammonium group enhanced the radical solubility as well as effectively diminished the radical dimerization, and the presence of the propyl group lowered the half reduction potential . The PV 3+ /4-OH-TEMPO redox couple displayed a cell voltage of 1.16 V and sustained more cycling with a capacity retention of 71.33% even under ambient conditions.…”

Section: Viologen-based Redox Flow Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring Contemporary Advancements and Outlook in Viologen-Based Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries: A Mini Review

Ambrose,

Naresh,

Deshmukh

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Section: Functionalized Viologens To Tackle the Abovementioned Issues...mentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Viologen-based Redox Flow Batterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Contemporary Advancements and Outlook in Viologen-Based Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries: A Mini Review

Ambrose,

Naresh,

Deshmukh

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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“…Traditional fossil fuels are non-renewable and create environmental pollution, which has forced humans to search for an efficient and renewable replacement for sustainable economic development. − It is crucial to develop energy conversion and storage technologies that are effective and helpful to the environment. The field of research on energy storage is substantially behind the extensive work on energy conversion .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Sacrificial Templated Nanoarchitectonics of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Derived from Viologen-Based Covalent Triazine Polymer: An Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst in Zinc–Air Batteries

Allwyn,

Ambrose,

Kathiresan

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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In light of the possibility of addressing energy and ecological issues simultaneously, diversity in electrocatalysis and the storage of energy are important objectives in material design. In the last few decades, carbon compounds with heteroatom doping (N, P, and S) have shown immense potential for harnessing energy. Owing to the complicated postdoping processes, the traditional method for the inclusion of hetero atoms like nitrogen within the framework of carbon becomes extremely difficult. Herein, we report a self-sacrificial (self-doping) viologen-based covalent triazine polymer template for the production of nitrogendoped carbon, thus obviating the need for the time-consuming and tedious postdoping steps. The annealed counterpart with spherical morphology, because of its higher homogeneously distributed nitrogen content (13%) and higher specific surface area, exhibits outstanding capability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The obtained onset potential of 0.94 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), diffusion limiting current density of 5.85 mA/cm 2 , E 1/2 of 0.8 V vs RHE, and approximately four-electron ORR route are comparable to the benchmark ORR catalyst (20% Pt/C). In addition, the ACTP-2 has exceptional long-term durability with only a 12 mV dip in the E 1/2 after 2000 cycles, which is very intriguing. It also displays better tolerance toward methanol, outperforming the corresponding Pt/C counterpart. Remarkably, the ACTP-2-based zinc−air battery shows excellent durability with a specific capacity value nearing the theoretical value (754 mAh/g Zn ). Furthermore, upon galvanostatic charging and discharging with ACTP-2+RuO 2 , outstanding reversibility is obtained with a lesser voltage gap of 0.71 V and good cyclic stability which overcomes the Pt/C+RuO 2 performance. Thus, our effort paves the way for the synthesis of heteroatom-doped carbon whose nitrogen-active sites trigger the oxygen electrocatalytic activity, which is key for the zinc−air battery.

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“…Viologen derivatives are promising redox-active molecules for RFBs owing to their remarkable redox reversibility and outstanding stability. − Klein et al showed that methyl viologen (MV 2+ ) dichloride undergoes two successive reversible redox reactions (MV 2+ → MV +• → MV 0 ) in the eutectic ethaline. Ethaline is a mixture of choline chloride (ChCl) and ethylene glycol (EG), with a 1:2 molar ratio of ChCl/EG.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Redox-Active Eutectic Electrolyte with Viologen and Ferrocene Derivatives for Flow Batteries

Ghahremani

Dean

Sinclair

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Nonflammable eutectic solvents show great potential to enhance the concentrations of the redox-active materials and the cell voltages for redox flow batteries (RFBs). Herein, we report a promising redox-active eutectic electrolyte (1.5 M total redox species) with viologen and ferrocene derivatives where both of the redox reactions are reversible with a maximum open-circuit voltage of 1.35 V and an energy density of 15.1 Wh L −1 , which is relevant to large-scale energy storage. The charge−discharge (from 75 to 25% state of charge) characteristics in a flow cell (0.15 M negolyte and 0.3 M posolyte) showed that it can be cycled with consistent discharge capacity for 12 h (19 cycles), beyond which pressure-driven crossover between the posolyte and negolyte reservoirs leads to capacity decay. This study points to promising new directions toward eutectic electrolyte development for RFBs where we demonstrate increasing the polarity, functionalizing the redox molecules, and separating redox intermediates to prevent undesired side reactions can make improvements in operating cell voltage, energy density, and cyclability.

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Modified viologen as an efficient anolyte for aqueous organic redox flow batteries

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Exploring Contemporary Advancements and Outlook in Viologen-Based Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries: A Mini Review

Exploring Contemporary Advancements and Outlook in Viologen-Based Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries: A Mini Review

Self-Sacrificial Templated Nanoarchitectonics of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Derived from Viologen-Based Covalent Triazine Polymer: An Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalyst in Zinc–Air Batteries

Redox-Active Eutectic Electrolyte with Viologen and Ferrocene Derivatives for Flow Batteries

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